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1\.因为视觉和听觉是人类的基本感觉,我们在这里强调这点,然而,也要注意,其他感觉也存在类似的结构。 2\.For a good overview of the functions of this area,see:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broca’s\_area. 3\.然而,这种分离不是绝对的,在一些情况下,形状可以被位置所指定(例如,思考一下,当三个点出现在三角形顶点的位置时,你是如何“看见”一个三角形的),而形状特定部分的位置也能被指定。see S.R.Lehky,X.Peng,C.J.McAdams,and A.B.Sereno,“Spatial Modulation of Primate Inferotemporal Responses by Eye Position,”PLoS ONE 3(10):e3492.doi:10.1371/journa1.pone.0003492;A.B.Sereno and S.C.Amador,“Attention and Memory-Related Responses of Neurons in the Lateral Intraparietal Area During Spatial and Shape-Delayed Match-to-Sample Tasks,”Journal of Neurophysiology 95(2006):1078-98. 4\.A.Treisman and H.Schmidt,“Illusory Conjunctions in the Perception of Objects,”Cognitive Psychology 14(1982):107-41. 5\.J.G.Rueckl,K.R.Cave,and S.M.Kosslyn,“Why Are‘What’and‘Where’Processed by Separate Cortical Visual Systems?A Computational Investigation,”Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1(1989):171-86. 6\.Melvyn Goodale and A.David Milner“Separate Visual Pathways for Perception and Action,”Trends in Neurosciences 15(1992):20-25. 7\.S.M.Kosslyn,“You Can Play 20Questions with Nature and Win:Categorical Versus Coordinate Spatial Relations as a Case Study,”Neuropsychologia 44(2006):1519-23. 8\.G.Borst,W.L.Thompson,and S.M.Kosslyn,“Understanding the Dorsal and Ventral Systems of the Human Cerebral Cortex:Beyond Dichotomies,”American Psychologist 66,no.7(2011):624-32.