# 状态模式(State)
## 状态模式的定义与特点
状态(State)模式的定义:对有状态的对象(对象可能会根据不同的情况做出不同的行为),把复杂的“判断逻辑”提取到不同的状态对象中,允许状态对象在其内部状态发生改变时改变其行为。
**优点:**
1. 状态模式将与特定状态相关的行为局部化到一个状态中,并且将不同状态的行为分割开来,满足“单一职责原则”。
2. 减少对象间的相互依赖。将不同的状态引入独立的对象中会使得状态转换变得更加明确,且减少对象间的相互依赖。
3. 避免if语句有利于程序的扩展。通过定义新的子类很容易地增加新的状态和转换。
**缺点:**
1. 增加系统的类与对象的个数。
2. 状态模式的结构与实现都较为复杂,如果使用不当会导致程序结构和代码的混乱。
## **状态模式的结构**
状态模式把受环境改变的对象行为包装在不同的状态对象里,其意图是让一个对象在其内部状态改变的时候,其行为也随之改变。现在我们来分析其基本结构和实现方法。
## **应用场景:**
- 用于对象的不同功能的转换
- 当一个对象的行为取决于它的状态,并且它必须在运行时根据状态改变它的行为时,就可以考虑使用状态模式。
- 一个操作中含有庞大的分支结构,并且这些分支决定于对象的状态时。
## **模式的结构**
1. 环境(Context)角色:也称为上下文,它定义了客户感兴趣的接口,维护一个当前状态,并将与状态相关的操作委托给当前状态对象来处理。
2. 抽象状态(State)角色:定义一个接口,用以封装环境对象中的特定状态所对应的行为。
3. 具体状态(Concrete State)角色:实现抽象状态所对应的行为。
其结构图如图所示

```
<pre class="calibre10">```
<span class="token">//环境类</span>
class <span class="token4">Context</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
private $state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//定义环境类的初始状态</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">ConcreteStateA</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//设置新状态</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>State $state<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state <span class="token1">=</span> $state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 读取状态
* @return State
*/</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">getState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">return</span> $this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//对请求做处理</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//抽象状态类</span>
abstract class <span class="token4">State</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
abstract public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span>Context $context<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态A类</span>
class <span class="token4">ConcreteStateA</span> extends <span class="token4">State</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span>Context $context<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前状态是 A."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">ConcreteStateB</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态B类</span>
class <span class="token4">ConcreteStateB</span> extends <span class="token4">State</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span>Context $context<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前状态是 B."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">ConcreteStateA</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
class <span class="token4">Client</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public static <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$context <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">Context</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//创建环境</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//处理请求</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
Client<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span><span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
结果:
当前状态是 A<span class="token3">.</span>当前状态是 B<span class="token3">.</span>当前状态是 A<span class="token3">.</span>当前状态是 B<span class="token3">.</span>
```
```
不用状态模式时用if判断
```
<pre class="calibre10">```
<span class="token">//环境类</span>
class <span class="token4">Context</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
private $state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//定义环境类的初始状态</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token6">1</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//设置新状态</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>int $state<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state <span class="token1">=</span> $state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 读取状态
* @return State
*/</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">getState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">return</span> $this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//对请求做处理</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state <span class="token1">==</span> <span class="token6">1</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
echo <span class="token2">"状态A"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span> <span class="token5">else</span> <span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state <span class="token1">==</span> <span class="token6">2</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
echo <span class="token2">"状态B"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
```
```
例子:
```
<pre class="calibre10">```
<span class="token">//环境类</span>
class <span class="token4">ScoreContext</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
private $state<span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//AbstractState</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">LowState</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>AbstractState $state<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state <span class="token1">=</span> $state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* @return AbstractState
*/</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">getState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">return</span> $this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">add</span><span class="token3">(</span>int $score<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">addScore</span><span class="token3">(</span>$score<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//抽象状态类</span>
abstract class <span class="token4">AbstractState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
protected $scoreContext<span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//环境 ScoreContext</span>
protected $stateName <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token2">""</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//状态名</span>
protected $score <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token6">0</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//分数</span>
abstract public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">checkState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//检查当前状态</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">addScore</span><span class="token3">(</span>int $x<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//设置当前分数</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score <span class="token1">+</span><span class="token1">=</span> $x<span class="token3">;</span>
echo <span class="token2">"加上:"</span><span class="token3">.</span>$x<span class="token3">.</span><span class="token2">"分,\t当前分数:"</span><span class="token3">.</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score<span class="token3">.</span><span class="token2">"分,"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
echo $this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//更具当前分数设置状态</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">checkState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"\t当前状态:"</span><span class="token3">.</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">getState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName<span class="token3">.</span><span class="token2">"<br>"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态类:不及格 注意这里的参数是ScoreContext而其他的是AbstractState</span>
class <span class="token4">LowState</span> extends <span class="token4">AbstractState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span>$h<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span>$h <span class="token5">instanceof</span> <span class="token4">ScoreContext</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext <span class="token1">=</span> $h<span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token2">"不及格"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token6">0</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span><span class="token5">else</span> <span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span>$h <span class="token5">instanceof</span> <span class="token4">AbstractState</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext <span class="token1">=</span> $h<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext<span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token2">"不及格"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score <span class="token1">=</span> $h<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">checkState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score <span class="token1">>=</span> <span class="token6">90</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">HighState</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span> <span class="token5">else</span> <span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score <span class="token1">>=</span> <span class="token6">60</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">MiddleState</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态类:中等 </span>
class <span class="token4">MiddleState</span> extends <span class="token4">AbstractState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span>AbstractState $state<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext <span class="token1">=</span> $state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext<span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token2">"中等"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score <span class="token1">=</span> $state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">checkState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score <span class="token1"><</span> <span class="token6">60</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">LowState</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span> <span class="token5">else</span> <span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score <span class="token1">>=</span> <span class="token6">90</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">HighState</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态类:优秀</span>
class <span class="token4">HighState</span> extends <span class="token4">AbstractState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span>AbstractState $state<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext <span class="token1">=</span> $state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext<span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token2">"优秀"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score <span class="token1">=</span> $state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">checkState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score <span class="token1"><</span> <span class="token6">60</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">LowState</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span> <span class="token5">else</span> <span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>score <span class="token1"><</span> <span class="token6">90</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>scoreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">MiddleState</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
class <span class="token4">ScoreStateTest</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public static <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$coreContext <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">ScoreContext</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"学生成绩状态测试:<br>"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$coreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">add</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token6">30</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$coreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">add</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token6">40</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$coreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">add</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token6">25</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$coreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">add</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token1">-</span><span class="token6">15</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$coreContext<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">add</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token1">-</span><span class="token6">25</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
ScoreStateTest<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span><span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
结果
学生成绩状态测试:
加上:<span class="token6">30</span>分, 当前分数:<span class="token6">30</span>分<span class="token3">,</span><span class="token6">30</span> 当前状态:不及格
加上:<span class="token6">40</span>分, 当前分数:<span class="token6">70</span>分<span class="token3">,</span><span class="token6">70</span> 当前状态:中等
加上:<span class="token6">25</span>分, 当前分数:<span class="token6">95</span>分<span class="token3">,</span><span class="token6">95</span> 当前状态:优秀
加上:<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token6">15</span>分, 当前分数:<span class="token6">80</span>分<span class="token3">,</span><span class="token6">80</span> 当前状态:中等
加上:<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token6">25</span>分, 当前分数:<span class="token6">55</span>分<span class="token3">,</span><span class="token6">55</span> 当前状态:不及格
```
```
例子2:
> 未使用状态模式
```
<pre class="calibre10">```
abstract class <span class="token4">ILift</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//电梯的四个状态 </span>
const OPENING_STATE <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token6">1</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//门敞状态 </span>
const CLOSING_STATE <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token6">2</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//门闭状态 </span>
const RUNNING_STATE <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token6">3</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//运行状态 </span>
const STOPPING_STATE <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token6">4</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//停止状态; </span>
<span class="token">//设置电梯的状态 </span>
public abstract <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>$state<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//首先电梯门开启动作 </span>
public abstract <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">open</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//电梯门有开启,那当然也就有关闭了 </span>
public abstract <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">close</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//电梯要能上能下,跑起来 </span>
public abstract <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">run</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//电梯还要能停下来 </span>
public abstract <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">stop</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 电梯的实现类
*/</span>
class <span class="token4">Lift</span> extends <span class="token4">ILift</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
private $state<span class="token3">;</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>$state<span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state <span class="token1">=</span> $state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//电梯门关闭 </span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">close</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//电梯在什么状态下才能关闭 </span>
switch <span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>OPENING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//如果是则可以关门,同时修改电梯状态 </span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>CLOSING_STATE<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>CLOSING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//如果电梯就是关门状态,则什么都不做 </span>
<span class="token">//do nothing; </span>
<span class="token5">return</span> <span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>RUNNING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//如果是正在运行,门本来就是关闭的,也说明都不做 </span>
<span class="token">//do nothing; </span>
<span class="token5">return</span> <span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>STOPPING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//如果是停止状态,本也是关闭的,什么也不做 </span>
<span class="token">//do nothing; </span>
<span class="token5">return</span> <span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
echo <span class="token2">'Lift colse <br>'</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//电梯门开启 </span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">open</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//电梯在什么状态才能开启 </span>
<span class="token4">switch</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>OPENING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//如果已经在门敞状态,则什么都不做 </span>
<span class="token">//do nothing; </span>
<span class="token5">return</span> <span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>CLOSING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//如是电梯时关闭状态,则可以开启 </span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>OPENING_STATE<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>RUNNING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//正在运行状态,则不能开门,什么都不做 </span>
<span class="token">//do nothing; </span>
<span class="token5">return</span> <span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>STOPPING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//停止状态,淡然要开门了 </span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>OPENING_STATE<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
echo <span class="token2">'Lift open <br>'</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//电梯开始跑起来 </span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">run</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">switch</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>OPENING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//如果已经在门敞状态,则不你能运行,什么都不做 </span>
<span class="token">//do nothing; </span>
<span class="token5">return</span> <span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>CLOSING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//如是电梯时关闭状态,则可以运行 </span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>RUNNING_STATE<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>RUNNING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//正在运行状态,则什么都不做 </span>
<span class="token">//do nothing; </span>
<span class="token5">return</span> <span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>STOPPING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//停止状态,可以运行 </span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>RUNNING_STATE<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
echo <span class="token2">'Lift run <br>'</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//电梯停止 </span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">stop</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">switch</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>OPENING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//如果已经在门敞状态,那肯定要先停下来的,什么都不做 </span>
<span class="token">//do nothing; </span>
<span class="token5">return</span> <span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>CLOSING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//如是电梯时关闭状态,则当然可以停止了 </span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>CLOSING_STATE<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>RUNNING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//正在运行状态,有运行当然那也就有停止了 </span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>CLOSING_STATE<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
case ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>STOPPING_STATE<span class="token3">:</span> <span class="token">//停止状态,什么都不做 </span>
<span class="token">//do nothing; </span>
<span class="token5">return</span> <span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">break</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
echo <span class="token2">'Lift stop <br>'</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
class <span class="token4">Client</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
public static <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">test</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$lift <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">Lift</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//电梯的初始条件应该是停止状态 </span>
$lift<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>ILift<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span>STOPPING_STATE<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//首先是电梯门开启,人进去 </span>
$lift<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">open</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//然后电梯门关闭 </span>
$lift<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">close</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//再然后,电梯跑起来,向上或者向下 </span>
$lift<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">run</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//最后到达目的地,电梯挺下来 </span>
$lift<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">stop</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
Client<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span><span class="token4">test</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
```
```
【例3】用“状态模式”设计一个多线程的状态转换程序。
分析:多线程存在 5 种状态,分别为新建状态、就绪状态、运行状态、阻塞状态和死亡状态,各个状态当遇到相关方法调用或事件触发时会转换到其他状态

现在先定义一个抽象状态类(TheadState),然后为图 3 所示的每个状态设计一个具体状态类,它们是新建状态(New)、就绪状态(Runnable )、运行状态(Running)、阻塞状态(Blocked)和死亡状态(Dead),每个状态中有触发它们转变状态的方法,环境类(ThreadContext)中先生成一个初始状态(New),并提供相关触发方法

```
<pre class="calibre10">```
<span class="token">//环境类</span>
class <span class="token4">ThreadContext</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
private $state<span class="token3">;</span><span class="token">//ThreadState</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">_New</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>ThreadState $state<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">=</span>$state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
*
* @return ThreadState
*/</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">getState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">return</span> $this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//新建状态</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">start</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">start</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//就绪状态 获取cpu时间</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">getCPU</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">getCPU</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span><span class="token">//Runnable</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//运行状态 suspend 阻塞</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">suspend</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">suspend</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span><span class="token">//Running</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//运行状态 结束</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">stop</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">stop</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span><span class="token">//Running</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//阻塞状态 恢复 </span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">resume</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">resume</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span><span class="token">//Blocked</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//抽象状态类:线程状态</span>
abstract class <span class="token4">ThreadState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
protected $stateName<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token2">""</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//状态名</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态类:新建状态</span>
class <span class="token4">_New</span> extends <span class="token4">ThreadState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token2">"新建状态"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前线程处于:新建状态."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">start</span><span class="token3">(</span>ThreadContext $hj<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"调用start()方法-->"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">if</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName <span class="token1">===</span> <span class="token2">"新建状态"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
$hj<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">Runnable</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span><span class="token5">else</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前线程不是新建状态,不能调用start()方法."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态类:就绪状态</span>
class <span class="token4">Runnable</span> extends <span class="token4">ThreadState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token2">"就绪状态"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前线程处于:就绪状态."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">getCPU</span><span class="token3">(</span>ThreadContext $hj<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"获得CPU时间-->"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">if</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName<span class="token1">===</span><span class="token2">"就绪状态"</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$hj<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">Running</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token5">else</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前线程不是就绪状态,不能获取CPU."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态类:运行状态</span>
class <span class="token4">Running</span> extends <span class="token4">ThreadState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token2">"运行状态"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前线程处于:运行状态."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">suspend</span><span class="token3">(</span>ThreadContext $hj<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"调用suspend()方法-->"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">if</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName <span class="token1">===</span> <span class="token2">"运行状态"</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$hj<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">Blocked</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token5">else</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前线程不是运行状态,不能调用suspend()方法."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">stop</span><span class="token3">(</span>ThreadContext $hj<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"调用stop()方法-->"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">if</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName <span class="token1">===</span> <span class="token2">"运行状态"</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$hj<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">Dead</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token5">else</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前线程不是运行状态,不能调用stop()方法."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态类:阻塞状态</span>
class <span class="token4">Blocked</span> extends <span class="token4">ThreadState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token2">"阻塞状态"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前线程处于:阻塞状态."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">resume</span><span class="token3">(</span>ThreadContext $hj<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"调用resume()方法-->"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">if</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName <span class="token1">===</span> <span class="token2">"阻塞状态"</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$hj<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">Runnable</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token5">else</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前线程不是阻塞状态,不能调用resume()方法."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态类:死亡状态</span>
class <span class="token4">Dead</span> extends <span class="token4">ThreadState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateName<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token2">"死亡状态"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前线程处于:死亡状态."</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
class <span class="token4">ThreadStateTest</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public static <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$context<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">ThreadContext</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">start</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">getCPU</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">suspend</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">resume</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">getCPU</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">stop</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
ThreadStateTest<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span><span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
结果:
当前线程处于:新建状态<span class="token3">.</span>
调用<span class="token4">start</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>方法<span class="token1">--</span><span class="token1">></span>当前线程处于:就绪状态<span class="token3">.</span>
获得CPU时间<span class="token1">--</span><span class="token1">></span>当前线程处于:运行状态<span class="token3">.</span>
调用<span class="token4">suspend</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>方法<span class="token1">--</span><span class="token1">></span>当前线程处于:阻塞状态<span class="token3">.</span>
调用<span class="token4">resume</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>方法<span class="token1">--</span><span class="token1">></span>当前线程处于:就绪状态<span class="token3">.</span>
获得CPU时间<span class="token1">--</span><span class="token1">></span>当前线程处于:运行状态<span class="token3">.</span>
调用<span class="token4">stop</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>方法<span class="token1">--</span><span class="token1">></span>当前线程处于:死亡状态<span class="token3">.</span>
```
```
## **状态模式的扩展**
在有些情况下,可能有多个环境对象需要共享一组状态,这时需要引入享元模式,将这些具体状态对象放在集合中供程序共享,其结构图如图所示

```
<pre class="calibre17">```
<span class="token">//环境类</span>
class <span class="token4">ShareContext</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
private $state<span class="token3">;</span><span class="token">//ShareState</span>
private $stateSet<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token4">array</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">ConcreteState1</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateSet<span class="token3">[</span><span class="token2">"1"</span><span class="token3">]</span><span class="token1">=</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">ConcreteState2</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateSet<span class="token3">[</span><span class="token2">"2"</span><span class="token3">]</span><span class="token1">=</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">=</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">getState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"1"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//设置新状态</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>ShareState $state<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">=</span>$state<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 读取状态
* @param String $key [description]
* @return ShareState
*/</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">getState</span><span class="token3">(</span>String $key<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$s<span class="token1">=</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>stateSet<span class="token3">[</span>$key<span class="token3">]</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token5">return</span> $s<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//对请求做处理</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>state<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//抽象状态类</span>
abstract class <span class="token4">ShareState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public abstract <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span>ShareContext $context<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态1类</span>
class <span class="token4">ConcreteState1</span> extends <span class="token4">ShareState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span>ShareContext $context<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前状态是: 状态1"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">getState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"2"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体状态2类</span>
class <span class="token4">ConcreteState2</span> extends <span class="token4">ShareState</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span>ShareContext $context<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"当前状态是: 状态2"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setState</span><span class="token3">(</span>$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">getState</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"1"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
class <span class="token4">FlyweightStatePattern</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public static <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$context<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">ShareContext</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//创建环境 </span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span> <span class="token">//处理请求</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$context<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">Handle</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
FlyweightStatePattern<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span><span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
```
```
- php更新内容
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- 类基础
- 类的三大特性:封装,继承,多态
- 魔术方法
- 辅助查询(*)
- extends继承
- abstract 抽象类
- interface 接口(需要implements实现)
- 抽象类和接口的区别
- 多态
- static
- final
- serialize与unserialize
- instanceof 判断后代子类
- 类型约束
- clone克隆
- ::的用法
- new self()与new static()
- this、self、static、parent、super
- self、static、parent:后期静态绑定
- PHP的静态变量
- php导入
- trait
- 动态调用类方法
- 参数及类型申明
- 方法的重载覆盖
- return $a && $b
- 设计思想
- 依赖注入与依赖倒置
- 创建型模式(创建类对象)
- (*)单例模式
- (*)工厂模式
- 原型模式(在方法里克隆this)
- 创建者模式
- 结构型模式
- 适配器模式(Adapter)
- 桥接模式
- 装饰模式
- 组合模式
- 外观模式(门面(Facade)模式)
- 享元模式
- 代理模式
- 行为型模式
- (*)观察者模式
- (*)迭代器模式(Iterator)
- 模板方法模式 Template
- 命令模式(Command)
- 中介者模式(Mediator)
- 状态模式(State)
- 职责链模式 (Chainof Responsibility)
- 策略模式(Strategy)
- 已知模式-备忘录模式(Memento)
- 深度模式-解释器模式(Interpreter)
- 深度模式-访问者模式(Visitor)
- (*)注册树(注射器、注册表)模式
- 函数参考
- 影响 PHP 行为的扩展
- APC扩展(过时)
- APCu扩展
- APD扩展(过时)
- bcompiler扩展(过时)
- BLENC扩展 (代码加密 实验型)
- Componere扩展(7.1+)
- 错误处理扩展(PHP 核心)
- FFI扩展
- htscanner扩展
- inclued扩展
- Memtrack扩展
- OPcache扩展(5.5.0内部集成)
- Output Control扩展(核心)
- PHP Options/Info扩展(核心)
- phpdbg扩展(5.6+内部集成)
- runkit扩展
- runkit7扩展
- scream扩展
- uopz扩展
- Weakref扩展
- WinCache扩展
- Xhprof扩展
- 音频格式操作
- ID3
- KTaglib
- oggvorbis
- OpenAL
- 身份认证服务
- KADM5
- Radius
- 针对命令行的扩展
- Ncurses(暂无人维护)
- Newt(暂无人维护)
- Readline
- 压缩与归档扩展
- Bzip2
- LZF
- Phar
- Rar
- Zip
- Zlib
- 信用卡处理
- 加密扩展
- Crack(停止维护)
- CSPRNG(核心)
- Hash扩展(4.2内置默认开启、7.4核心)
- Mcrypt(7.2移除)
- Mhash(过时)
- OpenSSL(*)
- 密码散列算法(核心)
- Sodium(+)
- 数据库扩展
- 数据库抽象层
- 针对各数据库系统对应的扩展
- 日期与时间相关扩展
- Calendar
- 日期/时间(核心)
- HRTime(*)
- 文件系统相关扩展
- Direct IO
- 目录(核心)
- Fileinfo(内置)
- 文件系统(核心)
- Inotify
- Mimetype(过时)
- Phdfs
- Proctitle
- xattr
- xdiff
- 国际化与字符编码支持
- Enchant
- FriBiDi
- Gender
- Gettext
- iconv(内置默认开启)
- intl
- 多字节字符串(mbstring)
- Pspell
- Recode(将要过时)
- 图像生成和处理
- Cairo
- Exif
- GD(内置)
- Gmagick
- ImageMagick
- 邮件相关扩展
- Cyrus
- IMAP
- Mail(核心)
- Mailparse
- vpopmail(实验性 )
- 数学扩展
- BC Math
- GMP
- Lapack
- Math(核心)
- Statistics
- Trader
- 非文本内容的 MIME 输出
- FDF
- GnuPG
- haru(实验性)
- Ming(实验性)
- wkhtmltox(*)
- PS
- RPM Reader(停止维护)
- RpmInfo
- XLSWriter Excel操作(*)
- 进程控制扩展
- Eio
- Ev
- Expect
- Libevent
- PCNTL
- POSIX
- 程序执行扩展(核心)
- parallel
- pthreads(*)
- pht
- Semaphore
- Shared Memory
- Sync
- 其它基本扩展
- FANN
- GeoIP(*)
- JSON(内置)
- Judy
- Lua
- LuaSandbox
- Misc(核心)
- Parsekit
- SeasLog(-)
- SPL(核心)
- SPL Types(实验性)
- Streams(核心)
- Swoole(*)
- Tidy扩展
- Tokenizer
- URLs(核心)
- V8js(*)
- Yaml
- Yaf
- Yaconf(核心)
- Taint(检测xss字符串等)
- Data Structures
- 其它服务
- 网络(核心)
- cURL(*)
- Event(*)
- chdb
- FAM
- FTP
- Gearman
- Gopher
- Gupnp
- Hyperwave API(过时)
- LDAP(+)
- Memcache
- Memcached(+)
- mqseries
- RRD
- SAM
- ScoutAPM
- SNMP
- Sockets
- SSH2
- Stomp
- SVM
- SVN(试验性的)
- TCP扩展
- Varnish
- YAZ
- YP/NIS
- 0MQ(ZeroMQ、ZMQ)消息系统
- ZooKeeper
- 搜索引擎扩展
- mnoGoSearch
- Solr
- Sphinx
- Swish(实验性)
- 针对服务器的扩展
- Apache
- FastCGI 进程管理器
- IIS
- NSAPI
- Session 扩展
- Msession
- Sessions
- Session PgSQL
- 文本处理
- BBCode
- CommonMark(markdown解析)
- Parle
- PCRE( 核心)
- POSIX Regex
- ssdeep
- 字符串(核心)
- 变量与类型相关扩展
- 数组(核心)
- 类/对象(核心)
- Classkit(未维护)
- Ctype
- Filter扩展
- 函数处理(核心)
- quickhash扩展
- 反射扩展(核心)
- Variable handling(核心)
- Web 服务
- OAuth
- SCA(实验性)
- SOAP
- Yar
- XML-RPC(实验性)
- Windows 专用扩展
- COM
- win32ps
- win32service
- XML 操作
- DOM(内置,默认开启)
- libxml(内置 默认开启)
- SDO(停止维护)
- SDO-DAS-Relational(试验性的)
- SDO DAS XML
- SimpleXML(内置,5.12+默认开启)
- WDDX
- XMLDiff
- XML 解析器(Expat 解析器 默认开启)
- XMLReader(5.1+内置默认开启)
- XMLWriter(5.1+内置默认开启)
- XSL(内置)
- 图形用户界面(GUI) 扩展
- UI
- 预定义类
- PHP SPL(PHP 标准库)
- 数据结构
- SplDoublyLinkedList(双向链表)
- SplStack(栈 先进后出)
- SplQueue(队列)
- SplHeap(堆)
- SplMaxHeap(最大堆)
- SplMinHeap(最小堆)
- SplPriorityQueue(堆之优先队列)
- SplFixedArray(阵列【数组】)
- SplObjectStorage(映射【对象存储】)
- 迭代器
- DirectoryIterator类
- 文件处理
- SplFileInfo
- SplFileObject
- SplTempFileObject
- 接口 interface
- Countable
- OuterIterator
- RecursiveIterator
- SeekableIterator
- 异常
- 各种类及接口
- SplSubject
- SplObserver
- ArrayObject(将数组作为对象操作)
- SPL 函数
- 预定义接口
- Traversable(遍历)接口
- Iterator(迭代器)接口
- IteratorAggregate(聚合式迭代器)接口
- ArrayAccess(数组式访问)接口
- Serializable 序列化接口
- JsonSerializable
- Closure 匿名函数(闭包)类
- Generator生成器类
- 生成器(php5.5+)
- 反射
- 一、反射(reflection)类
- 二、Reflector 接口
- ReflectionClass 类报告了一个类的有关信息。
- ReflectionFunctionAbstract
- ReflectionParameter 获取函数或方法参数的相关信息
- ReflectionProperty 类报告了类的属性的相关信息。
- ReflectionClassConstant类报告有关类常量的信息。
- ReflectionZendExtension 类返回Zend扩展相关信息
- ReflectionExtension 报告了一个扩展(extension)的有关信息。
- 三、ReflectionGenerator类用于获取生成器的信息
- 四、ReflectionType 类用于获取函数、类方法的参数或者返回值的类型。
- 五、反射的应用场景
- git
- Git代码同时上传到GitHub和Gitee(码云)
- Git - 多人协同开发利器,团队协作流程规范与注意事项
- 删除远程仓库的文件
- 创建composer项目
- composer安装及设置
- composer自动加载讲解
- phpsdudy的composer操作
- swoole笔记
- 安装及常用Cli操作
- TCP
- 4种回调函数的写法
- phpRedis
- API
- API详细
- redis DB 概念:
- 通用命令:rawCommand
- Connection
- Server
- List
- Set
- Zset
- Hash
- string
- Keys
- 事物
- 发布订阅
- 流streams
- Geocoding 地理位置
- lua脚本
- Introspection 自我检测
- biMap
- 原生
- php-redis 操作类 封装
- redis 队列解决秒杀解决超卖:
- Linux
- Centos8(Liunx) 中安装PHP7.4 的三种方法和删除它的三种方法
- 权限设计
- ACL
- RBAC
- RBAC0
- RBAC1
- RBAC2
- RBAC3
- 例子
- ABAC 基于属性的访问控制
- 总结:SAAS后台权限设计案例分析
- casbin-权限管理框架
- 开始使用
- casbinAPI
- Think-Casbin
- 单点登录(SSO)
- OAuth授权
- OAuth 2.0 的四种方式
- 更新令牌
- 例子:第三方登录
- 微服务架构下的统一身份认证和授权
- 杂项
- SSL证书
- sublime Emmet的快捷语法
- 免费翻译接口
- 免费空间
- xss过滤
- HTML Purifier文档
- xss例子
- 实用小函数
- PHP操作Excel
- 架构师必须知道的26项PHP安全实践
- 模版布局
- smarty模版
- blade
- twig
- 大佬博客
- 优化
- 缓存
- opcache
- memcache
- 数据库
- 主从分布
- 数据库设计
- 笔记
- 配置
- nginx 主从配置
- nginx 负载均衡的配置
- 手动搭建Redis集群和MySQL主从同步(非Docker)
- Redis Cluster集群
- mysql主从同步
- 用安卓手机搭建 web 服务器
- 软件选择
- 扩展库列表
- 代码审计
- 漏洞挖掘的思路
- 命令注入
- 代码注入
- XSS 反射型漏洞
- XSS 存储型漏洞
- 本地包含与远程包含
- sql注入
- 函数
- 注释
- 步骤
- information_schema
- sql注入的分类
- 实战
- 防御
- CSRF 跨站请求伪造
- 计动态函数执行与匿名函数执行
- unserialize反序列化漏洞
- 覆盖变量漏洞
- 文件管理漏洞
- 文件上传漏洞
- 跳过登录
- URL编码对照表
- 浏览器插件开发
- 插件推荐
- 扩展文件manifest.json
- 不可视的background(常驻)页面
- 可视页面browser actions与page actions及八种展示方式
- 使用chrome.xxx API
- Google Chrome扩展与Web页面/服务器之间的交互
- Google Chrome扩展中的页面之间的数据通信
- inject-script
- chromeAPI
- pageAction
- alarms
- chrome.tabs
- chrome.runtime
- chrome.webRequest
- chrome.window
- chrome.storage
- chrome.contextMenus
- chrome.devtools
- chrome.extension
- 分类
- homepage_url 开发者或者插件主页
- 5种类型的JS对比及消息通信
- 其它补充
- 前端、移动端
- html5
- meta标签
- flex布局
- javascript
- 获取js对象所有方法
- dom加载
- ES6函数写法
- ES6中如何导入和导出模块
- 数组的 交集 差集 补集 并集
- bootstrap
- class速查
- 常见data属性
- 开源项目
- 会员 数据库表设计
- 程序执行
- 开发总结
- API接口
- API接口设计
- json转化
- app接口