# 命令模式(Command)
> 将一个请求封装为一个对象,使发出请求的责任和执行请求的责任分割开。行为请求者与行为实现者解耦。就像军队里的“敬礼”,不管是谁听到 这个命令都会做出标准的敬礼动作。这样两者之间通过命令对象进行沟通,这样方便将命令对象进行储存、传递、调用、增加与管理
**主要优点:**
1. 降低系统的耦合度。命令模式能将调用操作的对象与实现该操作的对象解耦。
2. 增加或删除命令非常方便。采用命令模式增加与删除命令不会影响其他类,它满足“开闭原则”,对扩展比较灵活。便于添加和修改行为,便于聚合多个命令。
3. 可以实现宏命令。命令模式可以与[组合模式](http://c.biancheng.net/view/1373.html)结合,将多个命令装配成一个组合命令,即宏命令。
4. 方便实现 Undo 和 Redo 操作。命令模式可以与后面介绍的[备忘录模式](http://c.biancheng.net/view/1400.html)结合,实现命令的撤销与恢复。
**缺点:**
- 可能产生大量具体命令类。因为计对每一个具体操作都需要设计一个具体命令类,这将增加系统的复杂性。
## **命令模式的应用场景**
1. 当系统需要将请求调用者与请求接收者解耦时,命令模式使得调用者和接收者不直接交互。
2. 当系统需要随机请求命令或经常增加或删除命令时,命令模式比较方便实现这些功能。
3. 当系统需要执行一组操作时,命令模式可以定义宏命令来实现该功能。
4. 当系统需要支持命令的撤销(Undo)操作和恢复(Redo)操作时,可以将命令对象存储起来,采用备忘录模式来实现。
在软件系统中,“行为请求者”与“行为实现者”通常呈现一种“紧耦合”。但在某些场合,比如要对行为进行“记录、撤销/重做、事务”等处理,这种无法抵御变化的紧耦合是不合适的。在这种情况下,如何将“行为请求者”与“行为实现者”解耦?将一组行为抽象为对象,实现二者之间的松耦合。这就是命令模式。
### **模式的结构**
1. 抽象命令类(Command)角色:声明执行命令的接口,拥有执行命令的抽象方法 execute()。
2. 具体命令角色(Concrete Command)角色:是抽象命令类的具体实现类,它拥有接收者对象,并通过调用接收者的功能来完成命令要执行的操作。
3. 实现者/接收者(Receiver)角色:执行命令功能的相关操作,是具体命令对象业务的真正实现者。
4. 调用者/请求者(Invoker)角色:是请求的发送者,它通常拥有很多的命令对象,并通过访问命令对象来执行相关请求,它不直接访问接收者

```
<pre class="calibre10">```
<span class="token">//调用者 接收具体命令类并调用具体命令类的执行方法</span>
class <span class="token4">Invoker</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
private $command<span class="token3">;</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span>Command $command<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>command<span class="token1">=</span>$command<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">setCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span>Command $command<span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>command<span class="token1">=</span>$command<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">call</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"调用者执行命令command...<br>"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>command<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">execute</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//抽象命令</span>
interface <span class="token4">Command</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">execute</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//具体命令 作用是接收接受者并执行接受者的action命令</span>
class <span class="token4">ConcreteCommand</span> implements <span class="token4">Command</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
private $receiver<span class="token3">;</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>receiver <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">Receiver</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">execute</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>receiver<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">action</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//接收者</span>
class <span class="token4">Receiver</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">action</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"接收者的action()方法被调用...<br>"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
class <span class="token4">Client</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
public static <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span>
<span class="token3">{</span>
$command<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">ConcreteCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$invoker<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">Invoker</span><span class="token3">(</span>$command<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"客户访问调用者的call()方法...<br>"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$invoker<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">call</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
Client<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span><span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
```
```
有两种基本的思路来实现可撤销的操作:
1、逆向操作实现:比如被撤销的操作是添加功能,那撤消的实现就变成删除功能;同理被撤销的操作是删除功能,那么撤销的实现就变成添加功能;
2、存储恢复实现,意思就是把操作前的状态记录下来,然后要撤销操作的时候就直接恢复回去就可以了,可使用备忘录模式(Memento Pattern)来实现(稍后会讲到备忘录模式);
### **逆向操作来实现撤销(undo):**
```
<pre class="calibre10">```
<span class="token">/**
* 包含撤销命令的接口
*/</span>
interface <span class="token4">Command</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//执行方法</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">execute</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//撤销方法</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">undo</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 具体命令 -- 创建目录
*/</span>
class <span class="token4">CreateDirCommand</span> implements <span class="token4">Command</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
private $dirName<span class="token3">;</span><span class="token">//string</span>
public $makeDir<span class="token3">;</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span>MakeDir $makeDir<span class="token3">,</span>String $dirName<span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>makeDir <span class="token1">=</span> $makeDir<span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>dirName <span class="token1">=</span> $dirName<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 逆向操作实现:比如被撤销的操作是添加功能,那撤消的实现就变成删除功能;同理被撤销的操作是删除功能,那么撤销的实现就变成添加功能;
* @Override
*/</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">execute</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>makeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">createDir</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>dirName<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 逆向操作实现:比如被撤销的操作是添加功能,那撤消的实现就变成删除功能;同理被撤销的操作是删除功能,那么撤销的实现就变成添加功能;
* @Override
*/</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">undo</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>makeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">deleteDir</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>dirName<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 命令接受者
* 包含两个命令:创建目录、删除目录
*/</span>
class <span class="token4">MakeDir</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//创建目录</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">createDir</span><span class="token3">(</span>String $filename<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span><span class="token4">file_exists</span><span class="token3">(</span>$filename<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"创建目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $filename <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 失败,目标目录已经存在"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span><span class="token5">else</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//创建目录 </span>
<span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span><span class="token4">mkdir</span><span class="token3">(</span>$filename<span class="token3">,</span><span class="token6">0777</span><span class="token3">,</span><span class="token6">true</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"创建目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $filename <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 成功"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span> <span class="token5">else</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"创建目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $filename <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 失败"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//删除目录</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">deleteDir</span><span class="token3">(</span>String $filename<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token4">file_exists</span><span class="token3">(</span>$filename<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token4">rmdir</span><span class="token3">(</span>$filename<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"删除目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $filename <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 成功"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span><span class="token5">else</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"删除目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $filename <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 失败"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span><span class="token5">else</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"删除目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $filename <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 失败,目标目录不存在"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 请求者
*/</span>
class <span class="token4">RequestMakeDir</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
public $createCommand<span class="token3">;</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">setCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span>Command $command<span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>createCommand <span class="token1">=</span> $command<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">executeCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>createCommand<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">execute</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">undoCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>createCommand<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">undo</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 测试
*/</span>
class <span class="token4">Client</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
public static <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$dir <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token2">"E:\\command2017"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//创建接收者</span>
$makeDir <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">MakeDir</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//创建具体命令并且指定接收者</span>
$create_command <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">CreateDirCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span>$makeDir<span class="token3">,</span>$dir<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//创建请求者</span>
$requestMakeDir <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">RequestMakeDir</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//设置命令</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span>$create_command<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">/***********创建目录及撤销**************/</span>
<span class="token">//创建目录</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">executeCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//撤销</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">undoCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
Client<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span><span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
```
```
多次撤销
```
<pre class="calibre10">```
<span class="token">/**
* 包含撤销命令的接口
*/</span>
interface <span class="token4">Command</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//执行方法</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">execute</span><span class="token3">(</span>String $dirName<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//撤销方法</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">undo</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 具体命令 -- 创建目录
*/</span>
class <span class="token4">CreateDirCommand</span> implements <span class="token4">Command</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
private $dirNameList<span class="token1">=</span><span class="token4">array</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span><span class="token">//array</span>
public $makeDir<span class="token3">;</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">__construct</span><span class="token3">(</span>MakeDir $makeDir<span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>makeDir <span class="token1">=</span> $makeDir<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 逆向操作实现:比如被撤销的操作是添加功能,那撤消的实现就变成删除功能;同理被撤销的操作是删除功能,那么撤销的实现就变成添加功能;
* @Override
*/</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">execute</span><span class="token3">(</span>String $dirName<span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>makeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">createDir</span><span class="token3">(</span>$dirName<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>dirNameList<span class="token3">[</span><span class="token3">]</span><span class="token1">=</span>$dirName<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 逆向操作实现:比如被撤销的操作是添加功能,那撤消的实现就变成删除功能;同理被撤销的操作是删除功能,那么撤销的实现就变成添加功能;
* @Override
*/</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">undo</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span><span class="token4">count</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>dirNameList<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token6">0</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//获取数组中最后一个文件</span>
$lastFile<span class="token1">=</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>dirNameList<span class="token3">[</span><span class="token4">count</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>dirNameList<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token1">-</span><span class="token6">1</span><span class="token3">]</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>makeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">deleteDir</span><span class="token3">(</span>$lastFile<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//删除成功后将存放的文件移除</span>
<span class="token4">array_pop</span><span class="token3">(</span>$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>dirNameList<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span><span class="token5">else</span><span class="token3">{</span>
echo <span class="token2">"没有需要撤销的操作!"</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 命令接受者
* 包含两个命令:创建目录、删除目录
*/</span>
class <span class="token4">MakeDir</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//创建目录</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">createDir</span><span class="token3">(</span>String $dirname<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span><span class="token4">file_exists</span><span class="token3">(</span>$dirname<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"创建目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $dirname <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 失败,目标目录已经存在"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span><span class="token5">else</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//创建目录 </span>
<span class="token5">if</span> <span class="token3">(</span><span class="token4">mkdir</span><span class="token3">(</span>$dirname<span class="token3">,</span><span class="token6">0777</span><span class="token3">,</span><span class="token6">true</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"创建目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $dirname <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 成功"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span> <span class="token5">else</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"创建目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $dirname <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 失败"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">//删除目录</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">deleteDir</span><span class="token3">(</span>String $dirname<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token4">file_exists</span><span class="token3">(</span>$dirname<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token5">if</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token4">rmdir</span><span class="token3">(</span>$dirname<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"删除目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $dirname <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 成功"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span><span class="token5">else</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"删除目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $dirname <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 失败"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span><span class="token5">else</span><span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token4">print_r</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"删除目录 "</span> <span class="token3">.</span> $dirname <span class="token3">.</span> <span class="token2">" 失败,目标目录不存在"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 请求者
*/</span>
class <span class="token4">RequestMakeDir</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
public $createCommand<span class="token3">;</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">setCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span>Command $command<span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>createCommand <span class="token1">=</span> $command<span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">executeCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span>String $dirname<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>createCommand<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">execute</span><span class="token3">(</span>$dirname<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
public <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">undoCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">{</span>
$this<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span>createCommand<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">undo</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token">/**
* 测试
*/</span>
class <span class="token4">Client</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
public static <span class="token5">function</span> <span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span> <span class="token3">{</span>
<span class="token">//创建接收者</span>
$makeDir <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">MakeDir</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//创建具体命令并且指定接收者</span>
$create_command <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">CreateDirCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span>$makeDir<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//创建请求者</span>
$requestMakeDir <span class="token1">=</span> <span class="token5">new</span> <span class="token4">RequestMakeDir</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//设置命令</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">setCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span>$create_command<span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">/***********创建目录及撤销**************/</span>
<span class="token">//创建目录</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">executeCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"E:\\command2017"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">executeCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"E:\\command2018"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">executeCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token2">"E:\\command2019"</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token">//多次撤销</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">undoCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">undoCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">undoCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">undoCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
$requestMakeDir<span class="token1">-</span><span class="token1">></span><span class="token4">undoCreateCommand</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
<span class="token3">}</span>
Client<span class="token3">:</span><span class="token3">:</span><span class="token4">main</span><span class="token3">(</span><span class="token3">)</span><span class="token3">;</span>
输出:
创建目录 E<span class="token3">:</span>\\command2017 成功创建目录 E<span class="token3">:</span>\\command2018 成功创建目录 E<span class="token3">:</span>\\command2019 成功删除目录 E<span class="token3">:</span>\\command2019 成功删除目录 E<span class="token3">:</span>\\command2018 成功删除目录 E<span class="token3">:</span>\\command2017 成功没有需要撤销的操作!没有需要撤销的操作!
```
```
## 命令模式的扩展
在软件开发中,有时将命令模式与前面学的组合模式联合使用,这就构成了宏命令模式,也叫组合命令模式。宏命令包含了一组命令,它充当了具体命令与调用者的双重角色,执行它时将递归调用它所包含的所有命令,其具体结构图如图 。

- php更新内容
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- (*)注册树(注射器、注册表)模式
- 函数参考
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- APC扩展(过时)
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- ReflectionFunctionAbstract
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- ReflectionClassConstant类报告有关类常量的信息。
- ReflectionZendExtension 类返回Zend扩展相关信息
- ReflectionExtension 报告了一个扩展(extension)的有关信息。
- 三、ReflectionGenerator类用于获取生成器的信息
- 四、ReflectionType 类用于获取函数、类方法的参数或者返回值的类型。
- 五、反射的应用场景
- git
- Git代码同时上传到GitHub和Gitee(码云)
- Git - 多人协同开发利器,团队协作流程规范与注意事项
- 删除远程仓库的文件
- 创建composer项目
- composer安装及设置
- composer自动加载讲解
- phpsdudy的composer操作
- swoole笔记
- 安装及常用Cli操作
- TCP
- 4种回调函数的写法
- phpRedis
- API
- API详细
- redis DB 概念:
- 通用命令:rawCommand
- Connection
- Server
- List
- Set
- Zset
- Hash
- string
- Keys
- 事物
- 发布订阅
- 流streams
- Geocoding 地理位置
- lua脚本
- Introspection 自我检测
- biMap
- 原生
- php-redis 操作类 封装
- redis 队列解决秒杀解决超卖:
- Linux
- Centos8(Liunx) 中安装PHP7.4 的三种方法和删除它的三种方法
- 权限设计
- ACL
- RBAC
- RBAC0
- RBAC1
- RBAC2
- RBAC3
- 例子
- ABAC 基于属性的访问控制
- 总结:SAAS后台权限设计案例分析
- casbin-权限管理框架
- 开始使用
- casbinAPI
- Think-Casbin
- 单点登录(SSO)
- OAuth授权
- OAuth 2.0 的四种方式
- 更新令牌
- 例子:第三方登录
- 微服务架构下的统一身份认证和授权
- 杂项
- SSL证书
- sublime Emmet的快捷语法
- 免费翻译接口
- 免费空间
- xss过滤
- HTML Purifier文档
- xss例子
- 实用小函数
- PHP操作Excel
- 架构师必须知道的26项PHP安全实践
- 模版布局
- smarty模版
- blade
- twig
- 大佬博客
- 优化
- 缓存
- opcache
- memcache
- 数据库
- 主从分布
- 数据库设计
- 笔记
- 配置
- nginx 主从配置
- nginx 负载均衡的配置
- 手动搭建Redis集群和MySQL主从同步(非Docker)
- Redis Cluster集群
- mysql主从同步
- 用安卓手机搭建 web 服务器
- 软件选择
- 扩展库列表
- 代码审计
- 漏洞挖掘的思路
- 命令注入
- 代码注入
- XSS 反射型漏洞
- XSS 存储型漏洞
- 本地包含与远程包含
- sql注入
- 函数
- 注释
- 步骤
- information_schema
- sql注入的分类
- 实战
- 防御
- CSRF 跨站请求伪造
- 计动态函数执行与匿名函数执行
- unserialize反序列化漏洞
- 覆盖变量漏洞
- 文件管理漏洞
- 文件上传漏洞
- 跳过登录
- URL编码对照表
- 浏览器插件开发
- 插件推荐
- 扩展文件manifest.json
- 不可视的background(常驻)页面
- 可视页面browser actions与page actions及八种展示方式
- 使用chrome.xxx API
- Google Chrome扩展与Web页面/服务器之间的交互
- Google Chrome扩展中的页面之间的数据通信
- inject-script
- chromeAPI
- pageAction
- alarms
- chrome.tabs
- chrome.runtime
- chrome.webRequest
- chrome.window
- chrome.storage
- chrome.contextMenus
- chrome.devtools
- chrome.extension
- 分类
- homepage_url 开发者或者插件主页
- 5种类型的JS对比及消息通信
- 其它补充
- 前端、移动端
- html5
- meta标签
- flex布局
- javascript
- 获取js对象所有方法
- dom加载
- ES6函数写法
- ES6中如何导入和导出模块
- 数组的 交集 差集 补集 并集
- bootstrap
- class速查
- 常见data属性
- 开源项目
- 会员 数据库表设计
- 程序执行
- 开发总结
- API接口
- API接口设计
- json转化
- app接口