SpringBoot – 发送带有附件的电子邮件 · HowToDoInJava 中文系列教程

# SpringBoot – 发送带有附件的电子邮件 > 原文： [https://howtodoinjava.com/spring-boot2/send-email-with-attachment/](https://howtodoinjava.com/spring-boot2/send-email-with-attachment/) 了解如何借助[`JavaMailSender`](https://howtodoinjava.com/spring-core/send-email-with-spring-javamailsenderimpl-example/)在 spring boot 应用程序中发送电子邮件，以发送简单电子邮件以及带有附件的电子邮件。 ## 1\. Maven 在 Spring Boot 应用程序中，包括`spring-boot-starter-mail`依赖项。 `pom.xml` ```java <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> ``` ## 2\. SMTP 配置使用 spring boot，我们可以在`application.properties`文件中配置 SMTP 设置。 #### 2.1. 邮箱 `application.properties` ```java debug=true spring.mail.host=smtp.gmail.com spring.mail.port=25 spring.mail.username=admin@gmail.com spring.mail.password=xxxxxx # Other properties spring.mail.properties.mail.debug=true spring.mail.properties.mail.transport.protocol=smtp spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.connectiontimeout=5000 spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.timeout=5000 spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.writetimeout=5000 # TLS , port 587 spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true # SSL, post 465 #spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.socketFactory.port = 465 #spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.socketFactory.class = javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory ``` > 为了能够使用两因素身份验证并关闭“允许不太安全的应用程序”选项，强烈建议使用应用程序密码代替 Gmail 密码。 > > 请参阅：[https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833](https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833) 如果您可以访问下面的 SMTP 服务器，请在下面自由使用。 #### 2.2. Outlook 如果它是某些公司服务器，请从管理员那里查找此信息。 `Outlook Configuration` ```java spring.mail.host=smtp-mail.outlook.com spring.mail.port=587 spring.mail.username=outlookuserid@outlook.com spring.mail.password=xxxxxx spring.mail.properties.mail.protocol=smtp spring.mail.properties.mail.tls=true spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.trust=smtp-mail.outlook.com ``` #### 2.3. AWS SES 从您的 AWS 设置页面中找到相关配置。[阅读更多](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ses/latest/DeveloperGuide/sending-email.html)。 `AWS SES Configuration` ```java spring.mail.host=email-smtp.us-east-1.amazonaws.com spring.mail.port=465 spring.mail.username=xxxxxxxxxxx spring.mail.password=xxxxxxxxxxx spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.enavle=true spring.mail.properties.mail.protocol=smtps spring.mail.properties.mail.smtps.auth=true ``` ## 3\. 预先配置的电子邮件模板我们可以创建电子邮件模板以供每次重用 – 我们必须定期或在任何特定事件或持续时间内发送电子邮件。在给定的示例中，我们正在使用[`SimpleMailMessage`](https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/mail/SimpleMailMessage.html)创建一个非常简单的纯文本电子邮件。 `EmailConfig.java` ```java import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage; @Configuration public class EmailConfig { @Bean public SimpleMailMessage emailTemplate() { SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage(); message.setTo("user@gmail.com"); message.setFrom("admin@gmail.com"); message.setSubject("Important email"); message.setText("FATAL - Application crash. Save your job !!"); return message; } } ``` ## 4\. 发送简单的电子邮件为了发送不同类型的电子邮件，我们创建了一个`EmailService`类，该类可以采用在发送电子邮件之前在电子邮件中设置所需的参数。 `EmailService.java` ```java @Service("emailService") public class EmailService { @Autowired private JavaMailSender mailSender; @Autowired private SimpleMailMessage preConfiguredMessage; /** * This method will send compose and send the message * */ public void sendMail(String to, String subject, String body) { SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage(); message.setTo(to); message.setSubject(subject); message.setText(body); mailSender.send(message); } /** * This method will send a pre-configured message * */ public void sendPreConfiguredMail(String message) { SimpleMailMessage mailMessage = new SimpleMailMessage(preConfiguredMessage); mailMessage.setText(message); mailSender.send(mailMessage); } } ``` ## 5\. 发送带有附件的电子邮件使用[`MimeMessageHelper`](https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/mail/javamail/MimeMessageHelper.html)发送多媒体电子邮件，该电子邮件用于配置[`MimeMessage`](https://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/mail/internet/MimeMessage.html)。这些 mime 消息是富文本电子邮件。 `Email with attachment` ```java @Autowired private JavaMailSender mailSender; public void sendMailWithAttachment(String to, String subject, String body, String fileToAttach) { MimeMessagePreparator preparator = new MimeMessagePreparator() { public void prepare(MimeMessage mimeMessage) throws Exception { mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("admin@gmail.com")); mimeMessage.setSubject(subject); mimeMessage.setText(body); FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(fileToAttach)); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true); helper.addAttachment("logo.jpg", file); } }; try { mailSender.send(preparator); } catch (MailException ex) { // simply log it and go on... System.err.println(ex.getMessage()); } } ``` ## 6\. 发送带有内嵌图像的电子邮件富文本格式包括介于文本内容之间的媒体内容。为此，我们必须使用`MimeMessageHelper`的`addInline()`方法。 `Email with inline images` ```java @Autowired private JavaMailSender mailSender; public void sendMailWithInlineResources(String to, String subject, String fileToAttach) { MimeMessagePreparator preparator = new MimeMessagePreparator() { public void prepare(MimeMessage mimeMessage) throws Exception { mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("admin@gmail.com")); mimeMessage.setSubject(subject); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true); helper.setText("<html><body><img src='cid:identifier1234'></body></html>", true); FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File(fileToAttach)); helper.addInline("identifier1234", res); } }; try { mailSender.send(preparator); } catch (MailException ex) { // simply log it and go on... System.err.println(ex.getMessage()); } } ``` ## 7\. Spring Boot 发送电子邮件演示要使用上述配置发送电子邮件，请更新`application.properties`文件中的`spring.mail.username`和`spring.mail.password`属性。现在执行`EmailService`的方法发送电子邮件。 `Application.java` ```java import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class Application implements CommandLineRunner { @Autowired private EmailService emailService; public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } @Override public void run(String... args) { emailService.sendMail("lokeshgupta1981@gmail.com", "Hi", "Ho ho ho"); emailService.sendPreConfiguredMail("Ho ho ho"); } } ``` 请给我发送有关**通过 SpringBoot**发送电子邮件的问题。学习愉快！ [下载源码](https://github.com/lokeshgupta1981/SpringExamples/tree/master/email)