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# Android Coverage Guide ## 要求 * 硬件要求:Android 覆盖率需要使用模拟器或者 root 过的机器。 * 你需要使用UiAutomator2构建你的应用。也就是说,你要在你的Android项目中实现Instrumentation的子类。Instrumentation将实现对代码覆盖情况的收集。 * 由于Instrumentation的数据存在于内存中,因此你还需要实现一个BroadCastReceiver,用于在Instrumentation结束时将Instrument结果输出到手机存储器的文件中。 ## 项目结构 你的项目需要看起来类似如下的结构 ``` src/main/java/com/example/pkg |____ MainActivity.java 你的主Activity |____ InstrumentActivityListener.java 自定义的用于实现覆盖率导出到文件的接口 |____ InstrumentActivity.java 专门用于覆盖率调试的Activity,你也可以直接用MainActivity。它将包含一个InstrumentActivityListener,并且在Activity结束时调用这个Listener以导出覆盖率。你在调试时可以使用 |____ JacocoInstrumentation.java 你自己的Instrumentation文件,必须实现InstrumentActivityListener |____ EndEmmaBroadCast.java 用于接受结束信号广播的接收器,它将调用InstrumentActivityListener并导出覆盖率。 ``` 你在配置Caps时要做如下设置 * automationName : `uiautomator2` (无视大小写) * androidCoverage : {package}/{instrumentation class}, 在我们的例子中是com.example.pkg/com.example.pkg.JacocoInstrumentation * appWaitActivity : 用作Insutrment的Activity的全名,在我们的例子中是com.example.pkg.InstrumentActivity * appWaitPackage : {package},在我们的例子中是com.example.pkg * androidCoverageEndIntent : 用作将当前coverage输出至文件中的BroadCasterReceiver的Action名,在我们的例子中是 `com.example.pkg.END_EMMA` 工作原理 Appium 会用类似的命令启动应用:`adb shell am instrument -e coverage true -w com.example.pkg/com.example.pkg.JacocoInstrumentation` 在测试完成后,会用`adb shell am broadcast -a com.example.pkg.END_EMMA` 使覆盖率可以被收集(前提是你亲自实现它) ## 例子:实现流程 ### [1] Appium测试项目 - 设置Caps 请参考 **『项目结构』 -> 『你在配置Caps时要做如下设置』** ### [2] Android项目 - AndroidManifest.xml 在 `AndroidManifest.xml` 里定义 instrumentation 和 broadcast 接收器。 ```xml <instrumentation android:name="com.example.pkg.instrumentation.JacocoInstrumentation" android:targetPackage="com.example.pkg" > </instrumentation> <!-- adb shell am broadcast -a com.example.pkg.END_EMMA --> <receiver android:name="com.example.pkg.EndEmmaBroadcast" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.example.pkg.END_EMMA" /> </intent-filter> </receiver> ``` 接下来,编写 `EndEmmaBroadcast.java` : ```java package com.example.pkg; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Process; // adb shell am broadcast -a com.example.pkg.END_EMMA public class EndEmmaBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver { InstrumentActivityListener activityListener; public void setInstrumentActivityListener(InstrumentActivityListener listener){ this.activityListener = listener; } @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if(this.activityListener!=null){ activityListener.onActivityEnd(); } // once coverage is dumped, the processes is ended. Process.killProcess(Process.myPid()); } } ``` 之后,编写 `JacocoInstrumentation.java`: ```java package com.example.pkg; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.Instrumentation; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Looper; import android.util.Log; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; public class JacocoInstrumentation extends Instrumentation implements InstrumentActivityListener { public static String TAG = "JacocoInstrumentation:"; private static String DEFAULT_COVERAGE_FILE_PATH = null; private final Bundle mResults = new Bundle(); private Intent mIntent; private static final boolean LOGD = true; private boolean mCoverage = true; private String mCoverageFilePath; public JacocoInstrumentation() { } @Override public void onCreate(Bundle arguments) { Log.d(TAG, "onCreate(" + arguments + ")"); super.onCreate(arguments); // bad notation, better use NAME+TimeSeed because you might generate more than 1 corage file DEFAULT_COVERAGE_FILE_PATH = getContext().getFilesDir().getPath().toString() + "/coverage.ec"; File file = new File(DEFAULT_COVERAGE_FILE_PATH); if(!file.exists()){ try{ file.createNewFile(); }catch (IOException e){ Log.d(TAG,"File Exception :"+e); e.printStackTrace();} } if(arguments != null) { mCoverageFilePath = arguments.getString("coverageFile"); } mIntent = new Intent(getTargetContext(), InstrumentActivity.class); mIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); start(); } @Override public void onStart() { super.onStart(); Looper.prepare(); // Register broadcast receiver and start InstrumentActivity InstrumentActivity activity = (InstrumentActivity) startActivitySync(mIntent); EndEmmaBroadcast broadcast = new EndEmmaBroadcast(); activity.setInstrumentActivityListener(this); broadcast.setInstrumentActivityListener(this); activity.registerReceiver(broadcast, new IntentFilter("com.example.pkg.END_EMMA")); } private String getCoverageFilePath() { if (mCoverageFilePath == null) { return DEFAULT_COVERAGE_FILE_PATH; } else { return mCoverageFilePath; } } private void generateCoverageReport() { Log.d(TAG, "generateCoverageReport():" + getCoverageFilePath()); OutputStream out = null; try { out = new FileOutputStream(getCoverageFilePath(), false); Object agent = Class.forName("org.jacoco.agent.rt.RT") .getMethod("getAgent") .invoke(null); out.write((byte[]) agent.getClass().getMethod("getExecutionData", boolean.class) .invoke(agent, false)); } catch (Exception e) { Log.d(TAG, e.toString(), e); } finally { if (out != null) { try { out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } @Override public void onActivityEnd() { if (LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "onActivityFinished()"); if (mCoverage) { generateCoverageReport(); } finish(Activity.RESULT_OK, mResults); } } ``` 之后是`InstrumentActivityListener.java` ```java package com.example.pkg; public interface InstrumentActivityListener { void onActivityEnd(); } ``` 可选的 `InstrumentActivity.java` ```java package com.example.pkg; import android.app.Instrumentation; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; public class InstrumentActivity extends MainActivity { public static String TAG = "IntrumentedActivity"; private InstrumentActivityListener listener; public void setInstrumentActivityListener(InstrumentActivityListener listener) { this.listener = listener; } // Generate output report when the activity is destroyed @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy()"); super.finish(); if (listener != null) { listener.onActivityEnd(); } } } ``` 最后,最重要的是`gradle`: ```groovy .... apply plugin: 'jacoco' // add plugin for jacoco ... android { ... defaultConfig { ... testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" } buildTypes { release { ... } debug{ testCoverageEnabled = true } } } dependencies { ... //uiautomator androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.0' } ``` ### [3] 现在,你可以构建apk,并拿来跑你的自动测试吧!! 测试完成后,就会在/data/data/com.example.pkg/files中生成coverage.ec文件,将其pull出。 ### [4] 关于拉出HTML报告 当你跑完测试后,程序会在你手机的app里产生coverage.ec这样的文件。 * [1] 首先,利用adb pull把coverage.ec拉出手机 * [2] 关于如何把ec转化成HTML,你可以在gradle里加入下列task: ```groovy def coverageSourceDirs = [ './src/main/java' ] task jacocoTestReport(type: JacocoReport) { group = "Reporting" description = "Generate Jacoco coverage reports after running tests." reports { xml.enabled = true html.enabled = true } classDirectories = fileTree( dir: './build/intermediates/classes/debug', excludes: ['**/R*.class', '**/*$InjectAdapter.class', '**/*$ModuleAdapter.class', '**/*$ViewInjector*.class' ]) sourceDirectories = files(coverageSourceDirs) // NOTE: Put your ec file here executionData = files("SOME PATH/coverage.ec") doFirst { new File("$buildDir/intermediates/classes/").eachFileRecurse { file -> if (file.name.contains('$$')) { file.renameTo(file.path.replace('$$', '$')) } } } } ```