php · 学习笔记

1.官网下载最新版本,移动到官网下载页面：[https://www.php.net/downloads.php](https://links.jianshu.com/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2Fdownloads.php%23v7.3.5)。鼠标移动到要下载的版本超链接文案，审查页面元素获取链接。这里以7.3.8为例：https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.3.8.tar.gz ``` wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.3.8.tar.gz // -P参数用来指定下载到哪个目录下 ``` 2.配置编译参数，比如官方扩展库的安装与否，安装文件，配置文件等的路径等等。 ./configure --help 会有所有参数的作用解释网上有中文翻译版。以下版本为网上借鉴，并实践后解决了其中的部分错误后整理所得。 ``` > useradd www > groupadd www ``` ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-fpm-user=www \ --with-fpm-group=www \ --with-curl=/usr/local/php7/curl \ --with-openssl-dir=/usr/local/php7/openssl \ --with-openssl \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-cli \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-pcntl \ --enable-soap \ --enable-opcache \ --enable-fileinfo \ --disable-rpath \ --enable-mysqlnd \ --with-mysqli \ --with-pdo-mysql \ --with-iconv-dir \ --with-mhash \ --with-gd=no \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --enable-zip \ --with-zlib \ --enable-simplexml \ --with-libxml-dir //配置检查过程中会报各种： #1 configure: error: libxml2 not found. Please check your libxml2 installation. yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel //那么缺什么库就使用yum安装，然后再执行上面的编译配置 #2 configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h> yum install openssl openssl-devel //依然报上面的错误改--with-openssl=/usr/local/php7/openssl => --with-openssl=/usr/local/php7/openssl-dir #3 configure: error: Please reinstall the libzip distribution yum install libzip libzip-devel #4 checking for libzip... configure: error: system libzip must be upgraded to version >= 0.11 yum remove -y libzip //移除旧版本的libzip库，源码安装最新版本（需要cmake） yum install wget wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://libzip.org/download/libzip-1.5.2.tar.gz cd /usr/local/src/ tar -vxf libzip-1.5.2.tar.gz cd libzip-1.5.2 mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make && make install #5 CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:4 (CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED): #6 CMake 3.0.2 or higher is required. You are running version 2.8.12.2 yum remove -y cmake wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.15.2/cmake-3.15.2.tar.gz cd /usr/local/src/ tar -vxf cmake-3.15.2.tar.gz cd cmake-3.15.2 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake-3.15.2 make make install // 我在cmke的编译过程中没有遇到报错。最后检测 cmake --version #7 -bash: /usr/bin/cmake: No such file or directory ln -s /usr/local/cmake-3.15.2/bin/cmake /usr/bin/cmake //再执行cmake --version 显示cmake version 3.15.2 vim /root/.bashrc # 增加别名定义 alias cmake='/usr/local/cmake-3.15.2/bin/cmake'保存 source /root/.bashrc //立刻生效配置 //那么我们再回到libzip的cmake安装把问题#4 下的方案在执行一遍 cd /usr/local/src/libzip-1.5.2 rm -rf build mkdir build && cd build cmake .. #8 -- Could NOT find NETTLE (missing: NETTLE_LIBRARY NETTLE_INCLUDE_DIR) #-- Could NOT find GnuTLS (missing: GNUTLS_LIBRARY GNUTLS_INCLUDE_DIR) #-- Could NOT find BZip2 (missing: BZIP2_LIBRARIES BZIP2_INCLUDE_DIR) #CMake Warning at CMakeLists.txt:218 (MESSAGE): # -- bzip2 library not found; bzip2 support disabled #-- Configuring done #-- Generating done #-- Build files have been written to: /usr/local/src/libzip-1.5.2/bulid yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel //再来一次 make ..少了Cmake警告那两个无法找到的库好像是用来加密的网上资料很少我无视直接编译安装了 make make install // 成功再回到php配置编译参数执行 #9 configure: error: off_t undefined; check your library configuration vim /etc/ld.so.conf //添加内容 /usr/local/lib64 /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib64 //保存并退出 :wq ldconfig -v # 使之生效成功再回到php配置编译参数执行 #10 configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h> //这个问题又出现了蛋疼 //网上看了半天没有解决方案最后又加了一行 --with-openssl \ 就好了真他妈神奇看来编译配置参数的解释要去好好看看 #11 # configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl // yum -y install curl-devel ```   3 编译和安装 ``` make test // 结果运行了很久最后报告显示还有不少测试错误以为出问题了也不知道怎么处理 //后来网上说只要配置参数部分成功完成这步可以忽略有写测试指标依赖于环境主要是给官方做免费测试用的 make && make install //出现以下结果为编译成功 Build complete. Don't forget to run 'make test'. Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20180731/ Installing PHP CLI binary: /usr/local/php7/bin/ Installing PHP CLI man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/ Installing PHP FPM binary: /usr/local/php7/sbin/ Installing PHP FPM defconfig: /usr/local/php7/etc/ Installing PHP FPM man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man8/ Installing PHP FPM status page: /usr/local/php7/php/php/fpm/ Installing phpdbg binary: /usr/local/php7/bin/ Installing phpdbg man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/ Installing PHP CGI binary: /usr/local/php7/bin/ Installing PHP CGI man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/ Installing build environment: /usr/local/php7/lib/php/build/ Installing header files: /usr/local/php7/include/php/ Installing helper programs: /usr/local/php7/bin/ program: phpize program: php-config Installing man pages: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/ page: phpize.1 page: php-config.1 Installing PEAR environment: /usr/local/php7/lib/php/ [PEAR] Archive_Tar - installed: 1.4.7 [PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.4.2 [PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.1.1 [PEAR] XML_Util - installed: 1.4.3 [PEAR] PEAR - installed: 1.10.9 Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php7/etc/pear.conf You may want to add: /usr/local/php7/lib/php to your php.ini include_path /usr/local/src/php-7.3.8/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin/phar Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php7/include/php/ext/pdo/ ```   4 添加PHP命令目录到环境变量有点类似于类的自动加载，输入php 则会在环境变量里的目录查找是否有php这个执行文件，如果有就直接执行，达到php 替代 /usr/local/php7/bin/php 的简化作用 ``` vim /etc/profile //在文件末尾加入 PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php7/bin/ export PATH //保存并退出 source /etc/profile //立刻生效配置 //测试php命令 php -v //显示以下为成功这样 PHP 7.3.8 (cli) (built: Aug 11 2019 18:55:14) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.3.8, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies ```   5.配置php-fpm ``` // 复制php.ini到编译配置参数指定的目录。php.ini在解压的源码目录里 cp /usr/local/src/php-7.3.8/php.ini-production /usr/local/php7/php.ini // 复制一份php-fpm的配置模版文件到同级目录方便备份和修改 cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf // 复制一份php-fpm的扩展配置模板文件到同级目录方便备份和修改 cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf // 复制开启自起脚本到系统启动自动加载脚本目录。fpm/init.d.php-fpm在解压的源码目录里 cp /usr/local/src/php-7.3.8/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm // 使开机自起脚本可被任何权限角色执行 chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm ``` 6.关于配置文件的一些说明参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaozong/p/5724984.html php-fpm.conf是PHP-FPM特有的配置文件 php.ini是所有php模式中必须的配置文件两者的区别是，php-fpm.conf是PHP-FPM进程管理器的配置文件，php.ini是PHP解析器的配置文件有的PHP版本的配置文件路径中还有/fpm.d/www.conf配置文件这是php-fpm.conf配置的文件的扩展文件，可以打开php-fpm.conf文件查看 ; include=fpm.d/*.conf 我们可以使用php-fpm.conf配置慢日志我们是可以开启慢日志功能的。 slowlog = /usr/local/var/log/php-fpm.log.slow request_slowlog_timeout = 5s ``` > mkdir -p /usr/local/var/log/ > touch /usr/local/var/log/php-fpm.log.slow > chmod -R 0777 /usr/local/var/log ``` 不这样后面启动php-fpm会失败因为安装php时编译参数指定了php-fpm使用www账户当某个请求的时间超过了5秒，就会在慢日志中记录相应的记录，注意上面的时间5s，不能忽略了单位，相应的还有其他单位，m分，h时(当然，这这样做太扯淡了) php-fpm慢日志会记录下进程号，脚本名称，具体哪个文件哪行代码的哪个函数执行时间过长： [21-Nov-2016 10:30:38] [pool www] pid 11877 script_filename = /var/www/ceshi/c.php [0xb70fb88c] sleep() /var/www/ceshi/c.php:2 通过日志，我们就可以知道第2行的sleep 函数有点问题，这样我们就能追踪问题了。   7.php.ini的绝对路径获取 ``` php --ini ```   8.扩展安装检查 ``` php -m ```