nginx · 学习笔记

1.下载源码包,官网找最新稳定版本 ``` wget http://nginx.org//download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz ``` 也可以直接官网下载到PC本地 xshell 使用rz命令上传或是ftp上传 2.解压.通常下载到/usr/local/src ,直接解压到该目录,用来专门放置安装压缩包和解压源码 3.配置参数. ``` ./configure --help #查看可以设置哪些参数 ``` 其中 --prefix=install_path 这个参数是指定 make install的时候软件安装的目录 4.编译 ``` make [按照Makefile生成模块] ``` 5.安装 ``` make install ``` ###以nginx为例 1.基础概念和依赖 nginx安装可以使用yum或源码安装，推荐使用源码，一是yum的版本比较旧，二是使用源码可以自定义功能，方便业务的上的使用，源码安装需要提前准备标准的编译器，GCC的全称是（GNU Compiler collection），其有GNU开发，并以GPL即LGPL许可，是自由的类UNIX即苹果电脑Mac OS X操作系统的标准编译器，因为GCC原本只能处理C语言，所以原名为GNU C语言编译器，后来得到快速发展，可以处理C++,Fortran，pascal，objective-C，java以及Ada等其他语言，此外还需要Automake工具，以完成自动创建Makefile的工作，Nginx的一些模块需要依赖第三方库，比如pcre（支持rewrite），zlib（支持gzip模块）和openssl（支持ssl模块）官网http://nginx.org/en/download.html下载最新稳定版本到本地本例子登录Xshell连接服务器[阿里云ECS] ``` yum install lrzsz #用来使用rz命令 cd /usr/local/src #进入用户编译安装源码目录 rz # rz是代表上传会弹出window的选择文件窗口,找到上面步骤下载的压缩包,确定后会下载到当前目录下 yum install gcc gcc-c++ automake pcre pcre-devel zlip zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel # 安装nginx的编译依赖 ``` 2.解压 ``` tar -vxf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz # 解压到当前目录 ll #查看解压后的当前目录下的所有文件 # 主要目的看解压后的文件名,一般为去掉压缩为后缀的文件名,此处为nginx-1.16.0 cd nginx-1.16.0 ``` 3.配置编译安装参数[如果想自己管理自己的软件安装,注意配置--prefix=你管理自己编译安装软件的目录路径] ``` ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre ``` 4.make [编译] ``` 我在这里出现两个问题 . 解决方案应该都在编译前就执行 >编译参数指定了用户和用户组如果不存在会报错所以要先创建nginx用户 > adduser nginx > groupadd nginx >编译参数指定了日志目录可能该目录目录路径没有可写权限比如日志放在 /var/log/nginx/下但是 /var 目录不可写会导致安装报错 ``` 5.make install [安装] 此文章仅为学习记录,原文章步骤非常详细和好理解,见https://www.cnblogs.com/zhang-shijie/p/5294162.html 后续使用 ``` /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #启动nginx,通常没有输出任何信息,且下一步满足即成功 #遭遇了netstat -ntlp #查看网络连接进程,看到nginx进程即为成功, # 如果 -bash: netstate: command not found 则 yum install net-tools #在浏览器输入服务器IP或解析过的域名 #会显示/usr/local/nginx/html/index.html ``` 启动过程可能会提示/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid 不存在或是不是一个文件之类的提示建议调整配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf里的pid参数,指定/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid [记得先创建logs目录] 设置为开机自启创建nginx启动命令脚本 ``` vim /etc/init.d/nginx #内容如下 ``` 插入以下内容, 注意修改PATH和NAME字段, 匹配自己的安装路径 (这段是从网上copy的) 不过查看了相关参数,跟我的编译参数完全匹配 ``` #! /bin/bash # Startup script for the nginx Web Server # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: nginx is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve PATH=/usr/local/nginx DESC="nginx daemon" NAME=nginx DAEMON=$PATH/sbin/$NAME CONFIGFILE=$PATH/conf/$NAME.conf PIDFILE=$PATH/logs/$NAME.pid SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME set -e [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0 do_start() { $DAEMON -c $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "nginx already running" } do_stop() { $DAEMON -s stop || echo -n "nginx not running" } do_reload() { $DAEMON -s reload || echo -n "nginx can't reload" } case "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME" do_start echo "." ;; stop) echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME" do_stop echo "." ;; reload|graceful) echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..." do_reload echo "." ;; restart) echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME" do_stop do_start echo "." ;; *) echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload|restart}" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac exit 0 ``` 设置执行权限 ``` chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx ``` 注册成服务 ``` chkconfig --add nginx ``` 设置开机启动 ``` chkconfig nginx on ``` 重启, 查看验证nginx服务是否自动启动 ``` #重启 reboot #或 shutdown -h 0 -r #查看进程 ps aux | grep nginx #或 netstat -nplt | grep nginx ``` 对nginx服务执行停止/启动/重新读取配置文件操作 ``` #启动nginx服务 systemctl start nginx.service #停止nginx服务 systemctl stop nginx.service #重启nginx服务 systemctl restart nginx.service #重新读取nginx配置(这个最常用, 不用停止nginx服务就能使修改的配置生效) systemctl reload nginx.service ``` 成功   # 配置将请求转发给php-fpm处理 php-fpm的默认端口号是9000 主配置 ``` user www; worker_processes 1; error_log logs/error.log; error_log logs/error.log notice; error_log logs/error.log info; pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; #开启所有的虚拟主机目录可访问，想要仅指定的主机的目录可访问去对应的server下配置 #autoindex on； #autoindex_exact_size off; ##autoindex_exact_size off; #虚拟主机配置自动加载 include /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.vhost/*.conf; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} } ``` 虚拟主机配置 ``` # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # server { charset utf-8; listen 80; server_name blog.54skyer.cn; set $root /home/www/blog.54skyer.cn/public; root $root; #root /home/www/blog.54skyer.cn/public; index index.php index.html; location /zhanghaotian/ { autoindex on; } location / { # 如果根目录下匹配不是脚本默认在根目录后拼一个index.php 这是为了在url中省略index.php if (!-e $request_filename){ rewrite ^(.*) /index.php/$1 last; break; } } #pathinfo配置使支持tp5的标准url location ~ .+\.php($|/) { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_split_path_info ^((?U).+.php)(/?.+)$; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } # 匹配到php扩展名的url #location ~\.php$ { # include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf; # fastcgi_intercept_errors on; # #转发给php-fpm，其端口是9000; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; #} } # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} ```