#### Puppet扩展篇2-如何使用虚拟资源解决puppet冲突问题
虚拟资源是一种用来管理多种配置共同依赖同一资源的方法。如果多个类依赖同一个资源时则可避免写多个资源，也可以解决资源重定义的错误。虚拟资源经常用于用户管理中，虚拟资源只会被声明一次，但可以运用一次或多次。
要使用虚拟资源是需要在资源声明开头加上字符“@”来使资源虚拟化。然后再使用下面两种方法之一来实例化虚拟资源：
- "飞船"语法<||>
- realize函数
# 1. 定义两个用户，puppet和root，并将其虚拟化
注意定义虚拟资源必须在全局作用域或者节点作用域中定义，简单的理解，以下目录中site.pp就是全局作用域，包含nodes目录（site.pp中import了nodes目录），在节点node下定义的虚拟资源属于节点作用域，其他模块中的都属于局部作用域。
### 1.1 在全局作用域中创建对应的pp文件
~~~
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# tree manifests/
manifests/
├── nodes
│ ├── puppetclient.pp
│ ├── virtual_group.pp
│ └── virtual_user.pp
└── site.pp
1 directory, 4 files
~~~
### 1.2 创建虚拟用户puppet、root、xiaonuo
~~~
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# vim manifests/nodes/virtual_user.pp
class alluser{
include alluser::puppet,alluser::root
}
class alluser::puppet{
@user { 'puppet':
ensure => present,
uid => '52',
gid => '52',
home => '/var/lib/puppet',
shell => '/sbin/nologin',
}
}
class alluser::root{
@user { 'root':
ensure => present,
uid => '0',
gid => '0',
home => '/root',
shell => '/bin/bash',
}
}
class alluser::xiaonuo{
@user { 'xiaonuo':
ensure => present,
uid => '600',
gid => '600',
home => '/home/xiaonuo',
shell => '/sbin/nologin',
}
}
~~~
### 1.3 创建虚拟组puppet、root和xiaonuo
~~~
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# vim manifests/nodes/virtual_group.pp
class allgroup{
include allgroup::puppet,allgroup::root
}
class allgroup::puppet{
@group { 'puppet':
ensure => present,
name => 'puppet',
gid => '52',
allowdupe => false,
members => 'puppet',
}
}
class allgroup::root{
@group { 'root':
ensure => present,
name => 'root',
gid => '0',
allowdupe => false,
members => 'root',
}
}
class allgroup::xiaonuo{
@group { 'xiaonuo':
ensure => present,
name => 'xiaonuo',
gid => '600',
allowdupe => false,
members => 'xiaonuo',
}
}
~~~
# 2. 编写puppet模块，将虚拟资源用户puppet和组puppet实化
### 2.1 编写pupppet模块
~~~
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# tree environment/modules/puppet
environment/modules/puppet
├── files
├── manifests
│ ├── config.pp
│ ├── init.pp
│ ├── install.pp
│ ├── params.pp
│ └── service.pp
├── README
└── templates
├── auth.conf.erb
├── namespaceauth.conf.erb
└── puppet.conf.erb
3 directories, 9 files
~~~
### 2.2 编写puppet_linux57poc模块
~~~
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# tree agents/modules/puppet_linux57poc/
agents/modules/puppet_linux57poc/
├── files
├── manifests
│ └── init.pp
└── templates
├── facts.txt.erb
└── motd.erb
3 directories, 3 files
~~~
### 2.3 实例化虚拟资源
**2.3.1 在puppet模块中实例化**
~~~
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# vim environment/modules/puppet/manifests/config.pp
class puppet::config{
include puppet::params
include puppet::puppet_config,puppet::namespaceauth_config,puppet::auth_config,puppet::user,puppet::group
include alluser,allgroup #必须将节点作用域中的类包含进来
}
class puppet::puppet_config{
file { '/etc/puppet/puppet.conf':
ensure => present,
content => template('puppet/puppet.conf.erb'),
owner => 'puppet',
group => 'puppet',
mode => '0644',
backup => main,
require => Class['puppet::install','puppet::user','puppet::group'],
notify => Class['puppet::service'],
}
}
class puppet::auth_config{
file { '/etc/puppet/auth.conf':
ensure => present,
content => template('puppet/auth.conf.erb'),
owner => 'puppet',
group => 'puppet',
mode => '0644',
backup => main,
require => Class['puppet::install','puppet::user','puppet::group'],
notify => Class['puppet::service'],
}
}
class puppet::namespaceauth_config{
file { '/etc/puppet/namespaceauth.conf':
ensure => present,
content => template('puppet/namespaceauth.conf.erb'),
owner => 'puppet',
group => 'puppet',
mode => '0644',
backup => main,
require => Class['puppet::install','puppet::user','puppet::group'],
notify => Class['puppet::service'],
}
}
class puppet::user{ #使用飞船语法实化用户puppet资源
# realize User['puppet']
User <| title == 'puppet' |>
}
class puppet::group{ #使用realize函数实化组puppet资源
realize Group['puppet']
# Group <| title == 'puppet' |>
}
~~~
**2.3.2 在puppet_linux57poc模块中实例化**
~~~
[root@linuxmaster1poc testing]# cat agents/modules/puppet_linux57poc/manifests/init.pp
class puppet_linux57poc{
include puppet_linux57poc::motd_install,puppet_linux57poc::motd_config,puppet_linux57poc::facts,puppet_linux57poc::user,puppet_linux57poc::group
include alluser,allgroup #必须将节点作用域中的类包含进来
}
class puppet_linux57poc::motd_install{
package{ setup:
ensure => present,
}
}
class puppet_linux57poc::motd_config{
file{ "/etc/motd":
owner => "xiaonuo",
group => "root",
mode => 0440,
content => template("puppet_linux57poc/motd.erb"),
backup => 'main',
require => Class['puppet_linux57poc::motd_install','puppet_linux57poc::user','puppet_linux57poc::group']
}
}
class puppet_linux57poc::facts{
file{ "/etc/mcollective/facts.txt":
owner => "root",
group => "root",
mode => 0400,
content => template("puppet_linux57poc/facts.txt.erb"),
backup => 'main',
require => Class['puppet_linux57poc::motd_install','puppet_linux57poc::user','puppet_linux57poc::group']
}
}
class puppet_linux57poc::user{ #使用realize函数实化用户xiaonuo和root资源
realize( User['xiaonuo'],
User['root'] )
}
class puppet_linux57poc::group{ #使用realize函数实化组xiaonuo和root资源
realize( Group['xiaonuo'],
Group['root'] )
}
~~~
# 3. 测试
### 3.1 测试puppet模块（略）
### 3.2 测试puppet_linux57poc模块
**3.2.1 查看当前系统是否有xiaonuo用户和组**
~~~
[root@linux57poc puppet]# id xiaonuo
id: xiaonuo: No such user
[root@linux57poc puppet]# cat /etc/group | grep xiaonuo
[root@linux57poc puppet]#
[root@linux57poc puppet]# ll /etc/motd
-rwxrwxrwx 1 puppet puppet 313 Jan 2 06:17 /etc/motd
~~~
**3.2.2 同步puppetmaster**
~~~
[root@linux57poc puppet]# puppet agent -t --environment=testing
info: Retrieving plugin
info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/fact_apply.rb
info: Caching catalog for puppet_linux57poc.dev.shanghaigm.com
info: Applying configuration version '1389555288'
notice: /Stage[main]/Allservice::Lm_sensors_service/Service[lm_sensors]/ensure: ensure changed 'running' to 'stopped'
notice: /Group[xiaonuo]/ensure: created
notice: /Stage[main]/Alluser::Xiaonuo/User[xiaonuo]/ensure: created
...
info: FileBucket adding {md5}b2090646c444c5ddf1533749743ebd71
info: /Stage[main]/Mcollective::Facter/File[/etc/mcollective/facts.yaml]: Filebucketed /etc/mcollective/facts.yaml to main with sum b2090646c444c5ddf1533749743ebd71
notice: /Stage[main]/Sysctl::Exec/Exec[sysctl -p >/dev/null &]/returns: executed successfully
notice: /Stage[main]/Puppet_linux57poc::Motd_config/File[/etc/motd]/owner: owner changed 'puppet' to 'xiaonuo'
notice: /Stage[main]/Puppet_linux57poc::Motd_config/File[/etc/motd]/group: group changed 'puppet' to 'root'
notice: /Stage[main]/Puppet_linux57poc::Motd_config/File[/etc/motd]/mode: mode changed '0777' to '0440'
notice: /Stage[main]/Allservice::Bluetooth_service/Service[bluetooth]/ensure: ensure changed 'running' to 'stopped'
notice: Finished catalog run in 4.54 seconds
~~~
**3.2.3 验证结果是否正确**
~~~
[root@linux57poc puppet]# id xiaonuo
uid=600(xiaonuo) gid=600(xiaonuo) groups=600(xiaonuo)
[root@linux57poc puppet]# cat /etc/group | grep xiaonuo
xiaonuo:x:600:
[root@linux57poc puppet]# ll /etc/motd
-r--r----- 1 xiaonuo root 313 Jan 2 06:17 /etc/motd
[root@linux57poc puppet]#
~~~
- 序
- 第一章：Puppet基础篇
- 编写此系列文档的目的
- 如何学习和使用Puppet
- 安装Puppet前期的准备工作
- 安装、配置并使用Puppet
- 如何建立master和agent之间的认证关系
- Puppet更新方式的选型
- 编写第一个完整测试模块puppet
- 编写第二个完整测试模块yum
- Puppetmaster多环境配置
- 自定义fact实现的四种方式介绍
- 第二章：Puppet扩展篇
- 自定义fact结合ENC(hirea)的应用实践
- 如何使用虚拟资源解决puppet冲突问题
- 如何扩展master的SSL传输性能（apache）
- 如何扩展master的SSL传输性能（nginx）
- 通过多进程增强master的负载均衡能力（nginx+mongrel）
- 通过横向扩展puppetmaster增加架构的灵活性
- puppet代码与版本控制系统的结合
- Puppet dashboard的部署及测试
- 第三章：MCollective架构篇
- MCollecitve架构的引入
- MCollective+MQ架构的部署
- Puppet插件的部署及测试
- MCollective各种插件的部署及测试
- MCollective安全性设计
- MQ的安全性设计
- 多MQ下MCollective高可用部署
- 第四章：Foreman架构的引入
- Foreman作为自动化运维工具为什么会如此强大
- 安装前环境准备
- 安装Foreman1.5架构（all-in-one）
- 安装Foreman1.6架构（foreman与puppetmaster分离）
- 安装Foreman1.7架构（源码，仅测试使用）
- 整合puppetmaster
- Foreman结合mcollective完成push动作
- Foreman结合puppetssh完成push动作
- Foreman的ENC环境与fact环境的对比
- hostgroup如何转换为本地的fact
- 智能变量与puppet模块参数化类的结合
- Foreman报告系统的使用
- Foreman-proxy如何做负载均衡
- Foreman上如何展现代码及文件内容
- Foreman如何和虚拟化管理软件结合
- 如何借助Foreman完成自动化部署操作系统（一）
- 如何借助Foreman完成自动化部署操作系统（二）
- Foreman CLI（Hammer）工具的使用
- Foreman目前的不足之处