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#### Puppet扩展篇1-自定义fact结合ENC(hirea)的应用实践 在大量节点加入Puppet之后,你至少会面临两个比较大的问题: 1、由于节点数的增多,site.pp文件必然会编写更多的节点条目,以及节点包含的类。假设你用Puppet管理500个节点,存在三种情况:1、所有节点有共同的类,也可以理解为模块;2、所有节点分成了50组,每组节点有不同的应用,每组应用编写一个模块;3、每个节点也应该有一个自己的模块,在这种环境下,可想而知,site.pp文件是多么的复杂,多么的难以维护。 2、在使用MCO推送更新的时候,后面可以跟上fact变量用于过滤一组节点。而官方给的facter只能满足普遍存在的fact变量,可是,你要对一组节点进行归类怎么办呢,比如有10个节点的应用是Apache,15个节点属于Nginx等,那么就要自定义fact变量。现在面临的问题是,所有节点都要自定义fact变量,又如何做到集中管理呢? # 一、先来解决节点与类勾连的问题 其实、节点与类之间的勾连,更多时候是要借助ENC(外部节点分类器)来完成,因为puppet软件本身并不具备此类功能。Puppet-dashboard企业版和Foreman已经具备了这方面的功能,而且是图形界面操作,还是很方便的。众所周知,Puppet-dashboard社区版目前最新版本为1.2.23,到目前为止已经有一年多未更新了,可见Puppetlabs的意图很明确,逼着你用企业版。而Foreman部署和使用略复杂些,其次Foreman很重,它的内部并不仅仅是包含puppet还包含了很多其它管理工具,非常庞大,可以酌情考虑使用。接下来要介绍的是官方推荐的hiera软件,一个很强大的ENC,编写的文件只要遵循yaml格式即可,使用非常方便,可惜的是没有图形界面。但这并不代表你不会开发图形界面哦。 # 1、在Master端安装hiera工具 hiera工具和Puppetmaster结合需要通过hiera-puppet工具完成,在puppet-server 3.0.*版本后,这个工具已经集成到了puppet-server安装包中。而我们现在使用的环境仍然是puppet2.7版本,所以需要安装hiera-puppet工具。 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster RHEL6U4]# yum install hiera hiera-puppet #注意依赖关系 ... Dependencies Resolved =========================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================== Installing: hiera noarch 1.3.2-1.el6 rhel-puppet 23 k hiera-puppet noarch 1.0.0-1.el6 rhel-puppet 14 k Installing for dependencies: ruby-irb x86_64 1.8.7.352-7.el6_2 rhel-base 311 k ruby-rdoc x86_64 1.8.7.352-7.el6_2 rhel-base 375 k rubygem-json x86_64 1.5.5-1.el6 rhel-puppet 763 k rubygems noarch 1.3.7-1.el6 rhel-puppet 206 k Transaction Summary =========================================================================== ... ~~~ # 2、编辑hiera主配置文件hiera.yaml ### 2.1、创建软连接 默认hiera.yaml主配置文件在/etc目录下,为了结合后期版本控制系统集中管理,建议将此文件copy到/etc/puppet目录下,然后创建软连接指向/etc/hiera.yaml即可。 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster ~]# mv /etc/hiera.yaml /etc/puppet/ [root@puppetmaster ~]# ln -s /etc/puppet/hiera.yaml /etc/hiera.yaml [root@puppetmaster ~]# ll /etc/hiera.yaml lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Apr 20 20:05 /etc/hiera.yaml -> /etc/puppet/hiera.yaml ~~~ ### 2.2、编辑hiera.yaml - 添加全局变量common,注释掉defaults、global和clientcert。 - 添加系统类型变量osfamily - 添加主机名变量hostname - 添加datadir路径位置,中间用了puppet环境变量,这里的环境变量和puppet应用的环境变量是一致的。如果你只有一种环境,只需要将其中变量去掉即可。 **备注:** 以上变量其实就是fact变量。 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster ~]# vim /etc/puppet/hiera.yaml --- :backends: - yaml :hierarchy: # - defaults # - "%{clientcert}" - common - "%{environment}" - "%{osfamily}" - "%{hostname}" # - global :yaml: :datadir:"/etc/puppet/environments/%{environment}/hiera" ~~~ hiera主配置文件编写完成之后,需要重启puppetmaster后方可生效。 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster hiera]# /etc/init.d/puppetmaster restart Stopping puppetmaster: [ OK ] Starting puppetmaster: [ OK ] ~~~ ### 2.3、创建变量common对应的文件 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster hiera]# vim common.yaml --- puppetserver: - 'puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com' ~~~ 通过hiera命令测试 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster ~]# hiera puppetserver environment=kissprd ["puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com"] [root@puppetmaster ~]# hiera puppetserver environment=kissdev nil ~~~ 通过以上命令可以得知在环境为kissprd的情况下,puppetserver的变量为puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com,值为nil的意思是不存在。 ### 2.4、创建变量osfamily对应的文件 ~~~ [root@agent1 ~]# facter osfamily RedHat [root@puppetmaster hiera]# vim RedHat.yaml --- classes: - 'puppet' - 'yum' ~~~ 通过hiera命令测试 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster hiera]# hiera classes environment=kissprd nil [root@puppetmaster hiera]# hiera classes environment=kissprd osfamily=RedHat ["motd", "puppet", "yum"] [root@puppetmaster hiera]# hiera classes environment=kissprd osfamily=SLES nil ~~~ 通过以上命令可以得在环境为kissprd,系统为RedHat的情况下,classes的变量为三个值(puppet、yum)。 ### 2.5、创建变量hostname对应的所有节点文件 ~~~ [root@agent1 ~]# facter hostname agent1 [root@puppetmaster hiera]# vim agent1.yaml --- classes: - 'motd' certname: - 'agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com' [root@puppetmaster hiera]# vim agent2.yaml --- classes: - 'motd' certname: - 'agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com' [root@puppetmaster hiera]# vim agent3.yaml --- certname: - 'agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com' ~~~ 通过hiera命令测试 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster hiera]# hiera classes environment=kissprd hostname=agent 1 ["motd"] [root@puppetmaster hiera]# hiera classes environment=kissprd hostname=agent 2 ["motd"] [root@puppetmaster hiera]# hiera classes environment=kissprd hostname=agent 3 nil [root@puppetmaster hiera]# hiera certname environment=kissprd hostname=agent1 ["agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com"] [root@puppetmaster hiera]# hiera certname environment=kissprd hostname=agent2 ["agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com"] [root@puppetmaster hiera]# hiera certname environment=kissprd hostname=agent3 ["agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com"] ~~~ 通过以上命令测试可以得知,系统fact变量hostname为agent1和agent2的情况下,hiera变量classes为motd。certname变量为各自的certname变量。 # 3、应用hiera变量于Puppetmaster ### 3.1、将hiera变量应用于site.pp文件中 以前的写法: ~~~ [root@puppetmaster ~]# vim /etc/puppet/environments/kissprd/manifests/site.pp $puppetserver = 'puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com' class environments{ include puppet,yum } node 'puppetmaster_cert.kisspuppet.com'{ include environments } node 'agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com'{ include environments,motd } node 'agent2_cert.kisspuppet.com'{ include environments,motd } node 'agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com'{ include environments } ~~~ 应用了hiera之后的写法: ~~~ [root@puppetmaster ~]# vim /etc/puppet/environments/kissprd/manifests/site.pp $puppetserver = hiera('puppetserver') #引用了hiera中common.yaml中的全局变量puppetserver node default { hiera_include('classes') #引用了hiera中osfamily和hostname变量 } ~~~ **备注:**以后添加节点,只需要编写yaml文件即可,而site.pp文件无需在进行修改。 ### 3.2、将hiera变量应用于模块puppet中 未使用hiera之前的编写方式 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster hiera]# vim /etc/puppet/environments/kissprd/environment/modules/puppet/manifests/params.pp class puppet::params { $puppetserver = 'puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com' $certname = "${::hostname}_cert.kisspuppet.com" case $operatingsystemmajrelease{ 5: { $puppet_release = '2.7.23-1.el5' $facter_release = '1.7.3-1.el5' } 6: { $puppet_release = '2.7.23-1.el6' $facter_release = '1.7.3-1.el6' } default: { fail("Module puppet is not supported on ${::operatingsystem}") } } } ~~~ 应用了hiera变量之后的编写方式 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster hiera]# vim /etc/puppet/environments/kissprd/environment/modules/puppet/manifests/params.pp class puppet::params { $puppetserver = hiera('puppetserver') #应用了hiera全局文件common.yaml中的puppetserver变量 $certname = hiera('certname') #应用了hiera中变量hostname对应的节点文件$hostname.yaml中的certname变量 case $operatingsystemmajrelease{ 5: { $puppet_release = '2.7.23-1.el5' $facter_release = '1.7.3-1.el5' } 6: { $puppet_release = '2.7.23-1.el6' $facter_release = '1.7.3-1.el6' } default: { fail("Module puppet is not supported on ${::operatingsystem}") } } } ~~~ # 4、测试 ### 4.1、测试classes ~~~ [root@agent1 ~]# puppet agent -t --environment=kissprd info: Retrieving plugin info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/hwclock.rb info: Caching catalog for agent1_cert.kisspuppet.com info: Applying configuration version '1398007834' notice: Hardware-Clock: Sun 20 Apr 2014 11:30:35 PM CST -0.059676 seconds notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/Notify[ Hardware-Clock: Sun 20 Apr 2014 11:30:35 PM CST -0.059676 seconds]/message: defined 'message' as ' Hardware-Clock: Sun 20 Apr 2014 11:30:35 PM CST -0.059676 seconds' notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content: --- /etc/motd 2014-04-20 23:30:26.000000000 +0800 +++ /tmp/puppet-file20140420-9781-fm0gig-0 2014-04-20 23:30:37.000000000 +0800 @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +-- -- +--------puppet test--------- +-- -- info: FileBucket got a duplicate file {md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e info: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]: Filebucketed /etc/motd to puppet with sum d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e notice: /Stage[main]/Motd/File[/etc/motd]/content: content changed '{md5}d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' to '{md5}87ea3a1af8650395038472457cc7f2b1' notice: Finished catalog run in 0.76 seconds [root@agent1 ~]# cat /etc/motd -- -- --------puppet test--------- -- -- [root@agent3 ~]# >/etc/motd [root@agent3 ~]# puppet agent -t --environment=kissprd info: Retrieving plugin notice: /File[/var/lib/puppet/lib/facter]/ensure: created notice: /File[/var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/hwclock.rb]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}d8cc9fe2b349a06f087692763c878e28' info: Loading downloaded plugin /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/hwclock.rb info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/hwclock.rb info: Caching catalog for agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com info: Applying configuration version '1398007834' notice: Finished catalog run in 0.67 seconds [root@agent3 ~]# cat /etc/motd [root@agent3 ~]# ~~~ 从以上测试可以得知类motd应用到了agent1并未应用到agent3,说明hiera传输变量正确。 ### 4.2、测试hiera变量certname和puppetserver ~~~ [root@agent3 ~]# vim /etc/puppet/puppet.conf ### config by puppet ### [main] logdir = /var/log/puppet rundir = /var/run/puppet ssldir = $vardir/ssl pluginsync = true [agent] classfile = $vardir/classes.txt localconfig = $vardir/localconfig # server = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com #注释掉进行测试 # certname = agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com runinterval = 10 [root@agent3 ~]# puppet agent -t --environment=kissprd --server=puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com --certname=agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com info: Retrieving plugin info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/hwclock.rb info: Caching catalog for agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com info: Applying configuration version '1398008880' notice: /Stage[main]/Puppet::Config/File[/etc/puppet/puppet.conf]/content: --- /etc/puppet/puppet.conf 2014-04-20 23:46:05.839948111 +0800 +++ /tmp/puppet-file20140420-5618-45rytg-0 2014-04-20 23:48:01.653944253 +0800 @@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ [agent] classfile = $vardir/classes.txt localconfig = $vardir/localconfig -# server = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com -# certname = agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com + server = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com + certname = agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com runinterval = 10 info: FileBucket adding {md5}13430e5962e7584c9422e5adc1f3ba43 info: /Stage[main]/Puppet::Config/File[/etc/puppet/puppet.conf]: Filebucketed /etc/puppet/puppet.conf to puppet with sum 13430e5962e7584c9422e5adc1f3ba43 notice: /Stage[main]/Puppet::Config/File[/etc/puppet/puppet.conf]/content: content changed '{md5}13430e5962e7584c9422e5adc1f3ba43' to '{md5}23545b7afd09af671920f122a20db952' info: /Stage[main]/Puppet::Config/File[/etc/puppet/puppet.conf]: Scheduling refresh of Class[Puppet::Service] info: Class[Puppet::Service]: Scheduling refresh of Service[puppet] notice: /Service[puppet]: Triggered 'refresh' from 1 events notice: Finished catalog run in 0.54 seconds [root@agent3 ~]# cat /etc/puppet/puppet.conf ### config by puppet ### [main] logdir = /var/log/puppet rundir = /var/run/puppet ssldir = $vardir/ssl pluginsync = true [agent] classfile = $vardir/classes.txt localconfig = $vardir/localconfig server = puppetmaster.kisspuppet.com certname = agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com runinterval = 10 ~~~ 通过以上测试可以得知hiera变量certname和puppetserver传输正常。 **特别说明:** 由于hiera定义的变量需要通过转换才能变为puppet能够使用的变量,而这个转换是需要耗费CPU资源的,笔者曾经测试过一组节点(50个)同时传输hiera的变量数超过2000个,出现CPU负载过高的性能瓶颈问题需要特别注意。其次hiera数据除了用yaml格式保存外还可以存放在redis数据库中,这样查询起来性能会高很多,具体可参考官网,《pro puppet 》第二版也有这方面的介绍,可参阅。 **通过以上测试至少解决了两个问题:** - site.pp编写繁琐复杂的问题。 - certname名定义问题(可以不适用其他fact变量进行定义,比如不再使用hostname变量,这样做的好处是即使节点hostname名变化也不会影响puppet通信) ### 二、集中管理自定义fact变量 **思路:** 参考[Puppet基础篇10-自定义fact实现的四种方式介绍](http://kisspuppet.com/2014/03/30/puppet_learning_base10/)在puppetmaster端编写一个facts模块,传输一个变量文件至节点对应的目录里面,变量文件名可以通过主机名进行定义。 ### 1、在现有facts模块中直接添加 之前facts模块中的结构 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster modules]# tree facts/ facts/ ├── files ├── lib │ └── facter │ └── hwclock.rb #通过pluginsync模式发布的自定义fact变量,无需修改 ├── manifests └── templates 5 directories, 1 file ~~~ ### 2、添加管理file资源的pp文件 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster manifests]# vim config.pp #定义file资源 class facts::config{ file{ "/etc/facter/facts.d/$hostname.txt": #文件名称通过变量hostname获取 owner => "root", group => "root", mode => 0400, source => "puppet:///modules/facts/facts.d/$hostname.txt", #文件名称通过节点变量hostname获取 require => Class['facts::exec'], } } [root@puppetmaster manifests]# vim exec.pp #定义可执行资源保证目录 /etc/facter/facts.d 存在 class facts::exec{ exec {"create fact external": command => "mkdir -p /etc/facter/facts.d ", path => ["/usr/bin","/usr/sbin","/bin","/sbin"], creates => "/etc/facter/facts.d", } } [root@puppetmaster manifests]# vim init.pp class facts{ include facts::config,facts::exec } ~~~ ### 3、创建file资源对应的下载文件 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster facts.d]# pwd /etc/puppet/environments/kissprd/environment/modules/facts/files/facts.d [root@puppetmaster facts.d]# vim agent1.txt env=prd app=weblogic [root@puppetmaster facts.d]# vim agent2.txt env=qa app=db2 [root@puppetmaster facts.d]# vim agent3.txt env=prd app=nginx ~~~ ### 4、应用模块facts至hiera中 由于模块facts属于全局的,应用于common.ymal或者RedHat.ymal中即可。 ~~~ [root@puppetmaster hiera]# vim RedHat.yaml --- classes: - 'puppet' - 'yum' - 'facts' ~~~ ### 5、节点测试 ~~~ [root@agent3 ~]# ll /etc/facter/facts.d ls: cannot access /etc/facter/facts.d: No such file or directory [root@agent3 ~]# puppet agent -t --environment=kissprd info: Retrieving plugin info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/hwclock.rb info: Caching catalog for agent3_cert.kisspuppet.com info: Applying configuration version '1398010573' notice: /Stage[main]/Facts::Exec/Exec[create fact external]/returns: executed successfully notice: /Stage[main]/Facts::Config/File[/etc/facter/facts.d/agent3.txt]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}3330b8efe95f6747de47a9eca3a5411e' notice: Finished catalog run in 0.66 seconds [root@agent3 ~]# cat /etc/facter/facts.d/agent3.txt env=prd app=nginx [root@agent3 ~]# facter env prd [root@agent3 ~]# facter app nginx ~~~ 其它节点测试略 **注意:**以上方法只是提供给你一种集中管理自定义fact的思路,并不是最好的解决方案,只不过这种方法目前笔者用于上产环境中感觉还不错,特此分享。