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## 问题 你有一个CIDR网络地址比如“123.45.67.89/27”,你想将其转换成它所代表的所有IP (比如,“123.45.67.64”, “123.45.67.65”, …, “123.45.67.95”)) ## 解决方案 可以使用 `<span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ipaddress</span>` 模块很容易的实现这样的计算。例如: ~~~ >>> import ipaddress >>> net = ipaddress.ip_network('123.45.67.64/27') >>> net IPv4Network('123.45.67.64/27') >>> for a in net: ... print(a) ... 123.45.67.64 123.45.67.65 123.45.67.66 123.45.67.67 123.45.67.68 ... 123.45.67.95 >>> >>> net6 = ipaddress.ip_network('12:3456:78:90ab:cd:ef01:23:30/125') >>> net6 IPv6Network('12:3456:78:90ab:cd:ef01:23:30/125') >>> for a in net6: ... print(a) ... 12:3456:78:90ab:cd:ef01:23:30 12:3456:78:90ab:cd:ef01:23:31 12:3456:78:90ab:cd:ef01:23:32 12:3456:78:90ab:cd:ef01:23:33 12:3456:78:90ab:cd:ef01:23:34 12:3456:78:90ab:cd:ef01:23:35 12:3456:78:90ab:cd:ef01:23:36 12:3456:78:90ab:cd:ef01:23:37 >>> ~~~ `<span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Network</span>` 也允许像数组一样的索引取值,例如: ~~~ >>> net.num_addresses 32 >>> net[0] IPv4Address('123.45.67.64') >>> net[1] IPv4Address('123.45.67.65') >>> net[-1] IPv4Address('123.45.67.95') >>> net[-2] IPv4Address('123.45.67.94') >>> ~~~ 另外,你还可以执行网络成员检查之类的操作: ~~~ >>> a = ipaddress.ip_address('123.45.67.69') >>> a in net True >>> b = ipaddress.ip_address('123.45.67.123') >>> b in net False >>> ~~~ 一个IP地址和网络地址能通过一个IP接口来指定,例如: ~~~ >>> inet = ipaddress.ip_interface('123.45.67.73/27') >>> inet.network IPv4Network('123.45.67.64/27') >>> inet.ip IPv4Address('123.45.67.73') >>> ~~~ ## 讨论 `<span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ipaddress</span>` 模块有很多类可以表示IP地址、网络和接口。 当你需要操作网络地址(比如解析、打印、验证等)的时候会很有用。 要注意的是,`<span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ipaddress</span>` 模块跟其他一些和网络相关的模块比如 `<span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">socket</span>` 库交集很少。 所以,你不能使用 `<span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">IPv4Address</span>` 的实例来代替一个地址字符串,你首先得显式的使用 `<span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">str()</span>` 转换它。例如: ~~~ >>> a = ipaddress.ip_address('127.0.0.1') >>> from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM >>> s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) >>> s.connect((a, 8080)) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: Can't convert 'IPv4Address' object to str implicitly >>> s.connect((str(a), 8080)) >>> ~~~ 更多相关内容,请参考 [An Introduction to the ipaddress Module](https://docs.python.org/3/howto/ipaddress.html)