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## 5.3 ABP分布式服务 - 集成OData ### 5.3.1 简介 开放数据协议(Open Data Protocol,缩写OData)是一种描述如何创建和访问Restful服务。你可以在Abp中使用OData,只需要通过Nuget来安装[Abp.Web.Api.OData](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Abp.Web.Api.OData). ### 5.3.2 安装 #### 1. 使用Nuget安装 首先应该使用Nuget安装Abp.Web.Api.OData到我们的WebApi项目: ```bash Install-PackageAbp.Web.Api.Odata ``` #### 2. 配置依赖模块 将AbpWebApiODataModule添加到被依赖的模块上,如下所示: ```csharp [DependsOn(typeof(AbpWebApiODataModule))] public class MyProjectWebApiModule : AbpModule { ... } ``` 了解模块依赖请参考[模块系统](225823) #### 3. 配置实体 为了使实体能够作为一个OData源,我们应该在模块的 **PreInitialize** 方法中对实体进行OData配置。如下所示: ```csharp [DependsOn(typeof(AbpWebApiODataModule))] public class MyProjectWebApiModule : AbpModule { public override void PreInitialize() { var builder = Configuration.Modules.AbpWebApiOData().ODataModelBuilder; //Configure your entities here... builder.EntitySet<Person>("Persons"); } ... } ``` 在这里,我们得到了ODataModelBuilder的引用并且配置了Person实体。类似的你可以使用 **EntitySet** 方法来添加其他实体。更多信息请参考[OData文档](http://www.asp.net/web-api/overview/odata-support-in-aspnet-web-api/odata-v4/create-an-odata-v4-endpoint)。 #### 4. 创建控制器 在 **Abp.Web.Api.OData** 中包含了基类:**AbpODataEntityController**(扩展自标准的ODataController),为了能够更容易的创建你自己的控制器,你应该继承该基类。如下所示: ```csharp public class PersonsController : AbpODataEntityController<Person> { public PersonsController(IRepository<Person> repository) : base(repository) { } } ``` **AbpODataEntityController** 中的所有方法都是virtual,所以你可以重写 **Get, Post, Put, Patch, Delete ** 和其它的Actions来实现你自己的逻辑。 ### 5.3.3 示例 这里有一些请求上面已定义的Controller的示例。假设你的应用的URL是:http://localhost:61842。下面将展示一些基础的例子。 #### 1. 获取实体列表 取得所有的people。 ##### Request ```bash GET http://localhost:61842/odata/Persons ``` ##### Response ```json { "@odata.context":"http://localhost:61842/odata/$metadata#Persons","value":[ { "Name":"Douglas Adams","IsDeleted":false,"DeleterUserId":null,"DeletionTime":null,"LastModificationTime":null,"LastModifierUserId":null,"CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":1 },{ "Name":"John Nash","IsDeleted":false,"DeleterUserId":null,"DeletionTime":null,"LastModificationTime":null,"LastModifierUserId":null,"CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":2 } ] } ``` #### 2. 获取单个实体 根据Id = 2来获取person ##### Request ```bash GET http://localhost:61842/odata/Persons(2) ``` ##### Response ```json { "@odata.context":"http://localhost:61842/odata/$metadata#Persons/$entity","Name":"John Nash","IsDeleted":false,"DeleterUserId":null,"DeletionTime":null,"LastModificationTime":null,"LastModifierUserId":null,"CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":2 } ``` #### 3. 根据导航属性获取单个实体 根据Id = 1来获取person并且包括他的电话信息 ##### Request ```bash GET http://localhost:61842/odata/Persons(1)?$expand=Phones ``` ##### Response ```json { "@odata.context":"http://localhost:61842/odata/$metadata#Persons/$entity","Name":"Douglas Adams","IsDeleted":false,"DeleterUserId":null,"DeletionTime":null,"LastModificationTime":null,"LastModifierUserId":null,"CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":1,"Phones":[ { "PersonId":1,"Type":"Mobile","Number":"4242424242","CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":1 },{ "PersonId":1,"Type":"Mobile","Number":"2424242424","CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":2 } ] } ``` #### 4. 查询 在这里我们将使用一个高级查询,在过滤,排序后取得排在最前面的2条数据。 ##### Request ```bash GET http://localhost:61842/odata/Persons?$filter=Name eq 'Douglas Adams'&$orderby=CreationTime&$top=2 ``` ##### Response ```json { "@odata.context":"http://localhost:61842/odata/$metadata#Persons","value":[ { "Name":"Douglas Adams","IsDeleted":false,"DeleterUserId":null,"DeletionTime":null,"LastModificationTime":null,"LastModifierUserId":null,"CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":1 },{ "Name":"Douglas Adams","IsDeleted":false,"DeleterUserId":null,"DeletionTime":null,"LastModificationTime":null,"LastModifierUserId":null,"CreationTime":"2016-01-12T20:29:03+02:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":3 } ] } ``` OData支持分页,排序,过滤,投影功能等等;详细请查看[OData网站](http://www.odata.org/)。 #### 5. 创建新实体 我们会创建一个新的person实体,示例如下: ##### Request ```json POST http://localhost:61842/odata/Persons { Name: "Galileo Galilei" } ``` >注意:"Content_Type" 头的值是 "application/json" ##### Response ```json { "@odata.context": "http://localhost:61842/odata/$metadata#Persons/$entity", "Name": "Galileo Galilei", "IsDeleted": false, "DeleterUserId": null, "DeletionTime": null, "LastModificationTime": null, "LastModifierUserId": null, "CreationTime": "2016-01-12T20:36:04.1628263+02:00", "CreatorUserId": null, "Id": 4 } ``` 如果我们再次获取一次实体列表,我们会看到新增的person;我们也可以更新或者删除一个已经存在的实体,这正是OData协议所支持的。 #### 6. 获取元数据 我们可以获取一个实体的元数据,如下所示: ##### Request ```bash GET http://localhost:61842/odata/$metadata ``` ##### Response ```xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <edmx:Edmx Version="4.0" xmlns:edmx="http://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/ns/edmx"> <edmx:DataServices> <Schema Namespace="AbpODataDemo.People" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/ns/edm"> <EntityType Name="Person"> <Key> <PropertyRef Name="Id" /> </Key> <Property Name="Name" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="IsDeleted" Type="Edm.Boolean" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="DeleterUserId" Type="Edm.Int64" /> <Property Name="DeletionTime" Type="Edm.DateTimeOffset" /> <Property Name="LastModificationTime" Type="Edm.DateTimeOffset" /> <Property Name="LastModifierUserId" Type="Edm.Int64" /> <Property Name="CreationTime" Type="Edm.DateTimeOffset" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="CreatorUserId" Type="Edm.Int64" /> <Property Name="Id" Type="Edm.Int32" Nullable="false" /> <NavigationProperty Name="Phones" Type="Collection(AbpODataDemo.People.Phone)" /> </EntityType> <EntityType Name="Phone"> <Key> <PropertyRef Name="Id" /> </Key> <Property Name="PersonId" Type="Edm.Int32" /> <Property Name="Type" Type="AbpODataDemo.People.PhoneType" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="Number" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="CreationTime" Type="Edm.DateTimeOffset" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="CreatorUserId" Type="Edm.Int64" /> <Property Name="Id" Type="Edm.Int32" Nullable="false" /> <NavigationProperty Name="Person" Type="AbpODataDemo.People.Person"> <ReferentialConstraint Property="PersonId" ReferencedProperty="Id" /> </NavigationProperty> </EntityType> <EnumType Name="PhoneType"> <Member Name="Unknown" Value="0" /> <Member Name="Mobile" Value="1" /> <Member Name="Home" Value="2" /> <Member Name="Office" Value="3" /> </EnumType> </Schema> <Schema Namespace="Default" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/ns/edm"> <EntityContainer Name="Container"> <EntitySet Name="Persons" EntityType="AbpODataDemo.People.Person" /> </EntityContainer> </Schema> </edmx:DataServices> </edmx:Edmx> ``` 元数据被用来服务审查。 ### 5.3.4 示例项目 你可以从这里获得示例项目的代码:: https://github.com/aspnetboilerplate/sample-odata