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# 读取文件 ### 本地文件 ~~~ input_file = open('note.txt','r') for line in input_file: line = line.strip() #去除前后空格 print(line) input_file.close() ~~~ 若将其改为函数形式: ~~~ #filename.py import sys def process_file(filename): '''Open, read, and print a file.''' input_file = open(filename,'r') for line in input_file: line = line.strip() print(line) input_file.close() if __name__ == '__main__': process_file(sys.argv[1]) ~~~ 在命令行运行该文件,输入如下命令: ~~~ python filename.py test.txt ~~~ 命令中的`test.txt`对应于`sys.argv[i]`。 ### 互联网上的文件 ~~~ # coding=utf-8 import urllib.request url = 'http://www.weather.com.cn/adat/sk/101010100.html' web_page = urllib.request.urlopen(url) for line in web_page: line = line.strip() print(line.decode('utf-8')) #加上decode函数才能显示汉字 web_page.close() ~~~ 输出结果: ~~~ {"weatherinfo":{"city":"北京","cityid":"101010100","temp":"9","WD":"南风","WS":"2级","SD":"26%","WSE":"2","time":"10:20","isRadar":"1","Radar":"JC_RADAR_AZ9010_JB","njd":"暂无实况","qy":"1014"}} ~~~ 若是在命令行运行该文件,输入如下命令: ~~~ python filename.py ~~~ # 写入文件 再打开文件时,除了需要制定文件名外,还需要制定一个模式(“r”,”w”,”a”,分别对应于读取、写入、追加)。如果没有制定模式,则应用默认模式”r”。当以写入模式打开文件且该文件尚不存在时,就会创建出一个相应的新文件。 例如,将“Computer Science”放到文件test.txt中: ~~~ output_file = open('test.txt','w') output_file.write('Computer Science') output_file.close() ~~~ 一个同时具有读取和写入功能的事例,从输入文件的每一行读取两个数字,在另外一个文件中输出这两个数字以及它们的和。 ~~~ #test.py def mysum(input_filename, output_filename): input_file = open(input_filename,'r') output_file = open(output_filename,'w') for line in input_file: operands = line.split() sum_value = float(operands[0]) + float(operands[1]) new_line = line.rstrip() + ' ' + str(sum_value) + '\n' output_file.write(new_line) output_file.close() ~~~ `rstrip()`函数用于去掉输入文件每行的换行符。 函数调用: ~~~ from test import * mysum('test.txt', 'test2.txt') ~~~