## 导出和导入容器 ### 导出容器 如果要导出本地某个容器，可以使用 `docker export` 命令。 ``` <pre class="prettyprint"><ol class="linenums"><li class="l"><code class="pcalibre10 pcalibre11 pcalibre9"><span class="pln">$ docker container ls </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">a</span></code></li> <li class="l1"><code class="pcalibre10 pcalibre11 pcalibre9"><span class="pln">CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES</span></code></li> <li class="l"><code class="pcalibre10 pcalibre11 pcalibre9"><span class="lit">7691a814370e</span><span class="pln"> ubuntu</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">14.04</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"/bin/bash"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">36</span><span class="pln"> hours ago </span><span class="typ">Exited</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">21</span><span class="pln"> hours ago test</span></code></li> <li class="l1"><code class="pcalibre10 pcalibre11 pcalibre9"><span class="pln">$ docker export </span><span class="lit">7691a814370e</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">></span><span class="pln"> ubuntu</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">tar</span></code></li> </ol> ``` 这样将导出容器快照到本地文件。 ### 导入容器快照 可以使用 `docker import` 从容器快照文件中再导入为镜像，例如 ``` <pre class="prettyprint"><ol class="linenums"><li class="l"><code class="pcalibre10 pcalibre11 pcalibre9"><span class="pln">$ cat ubuntu</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">tar </span><span class="pun">|</span><span class="pln"> docker import </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> test</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">ubuntu</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">v1</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span></code></li> <li class="l1"><code class="pcalibre10 pcalibre11 pcalibre9"><span class="pln">$ docker image ls</span></code></li> <li class="l"><code class="pcalibre10 pcalibre11 pcalibre9"><span class="pln">REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE</span></code></li> <li class="l1"><code class="pcalibre10 pcalibre11 pcalibre9"><span class="pln">test</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">ubuntu v1</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">9d37a6082e97</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">About</span><span class="pln"> a minute ago </span><span class="lit">171.3</span><span class="pln"> MB</span></code></li> </ol> ``` 此外，也可以通过指定 URL 或者某个目录来导入，例如 ``` <pre class="prettyprint"><ol class="linenums"><li class="l"><code class="pcalibre10 pcalibre11 pcalibre9"><span class="pln">$ docker import http</span><span class="pun">://</span><span class="pln">example</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">exampleimage</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">tgz example</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">imagerepo</span></code></li></ol> ``` *注：用户既可以使用 `docker load` 来导入镜像存储文件到本地镜像库，也可以使用 `docker import` 来导入一个容器快照到本地镜像库。这两者的区别在于容器快照文件将丢弃所有的历史记录和元数据信息（即仅保存容器当时的快照状态），而镜像存储文件将保存完整记录，体积也要大。此外，从容器快照文件导入时可以重新指定标签等元数据信息。*