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[TOC] # 字符串 == 比较类型强转隐患 ~~~ // php 5 var_dump(md5('240610708') == md5('QNKCDZO'));//bool(true) var_dump(md5('aabg7XSs') == md5('aabC9RqS'));//bool(true) var_dump(sha1('aaroZmOk') == sha1('aaK1STfY'));//bool(true) var_dump(sha1('aaO8zKZF') == sha1('aa3OFF9m'));//bool(true) var_dump('0010e2' == '1e3');//10×10^2 = 1×10^3 bool(true) var_dump('0x1234Ab' == '1193131');//bool(true) var_dump('0xABCdef' == ' 0xABCdef');//bool(true) var_dump("603E-4234" == "272E-3063");//bool(true) var_dump('0e1' == '0e2'); //bool(true) // php 7 含十六进制字符串不再被认为是数字 http://php.net/manual/zh/migration70.incompatible.php var_dump('0x1234Ab' == '1193131');//bool(false) var_dump('0xABCdef' == ' 0xABCdef');//bool(false) var_dump("0x123" == "291");//bool(false) var_dump(is_numeric("0x123"));//bool(false) >>> md5('240610708') => "0e462097431906509019562988736854" >>> md5('QNKCDZO') => "0e830400451993494058024219903391" // php 是弱语言,会自动判断数据类型,0eXXXXXXXXXX 转成 0 了 //来自文档:如果比较一个数字和字符串或者比较涉及到数字内容的字符串,则字符串会被转换为数值并且比较按照数值来进行。此规则也适用于 switch 语句。当用 === 或 !== 进行比较时则不进行类型转换,因为此时类型和数值都要比对。 >>> md5('QNKCDZO')==0 => true >>> md5('240610708')==0 => true // 使用 === 判断 官方都建议直接用password_hash加密 var_dump(md5('240610708') === md5('QNKCDZO'));//bool(false) //http://bayescafe.com/php/yuebaomei-ctf.html var_dump("42"=="0x2A");//bool(true) var_dump("1" == "01"); // 1 == 1 -> true var_dump("10" == "1e1"); // 10 == 10 -> true var_dump(100 == "1e2"); // 100 == 100 -> true var_dump("\x34\x32\x2E"=="42");//bool(true) var_dump("\001abc");//abc var_dump('\001abc');//\001abc $a = "1234567"; var_dump($a['test']);//1 var_dump(in_array(false, array('xxx')));//false empty('0');//false "133" == "0133"; 133 == "0133"; 133 == 0133; //因为0133是一个八进制数,转成十进制是91 "0133" != 91; //字符串中的数字始终是十进制的,这个也可以理解 "0x10" == 16; //但是!,在十六进制中上面的说法又不成立了 "1e3" == 1000; //科学计数表示也一样 #'string' == true,而且'string' == 0,但是,true != 0 null == 0; null < -1; $flag = "THIS IS FLAG"; if ("POST" == $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) { $password = $_POST['password'];//420.00000e-1 if (0 >= preg_match('/^[[:graph:]]{12,}$/', $password)) { echo 'Wrong Format'; exit; } while (TRUE) { $reg = '/([[:punct:]]+|[[:digit:]]+|[[:upper:]]+|[[:lower:]]+)/'; if (6 > preg_match_all($reg, $password, $arr)) break; $c = 0; $ps = array('punct', 'digit', 'upper', 'lower'); foreach ($ps as $pt) { if (preg_match("/[[:$pt:]]+/", $password)) $c += 1; } if ($c < 3) break; if ("42" == $password) echo $flag; else echo 'Wrong password'; exit; } } //https://segmentfault.com/q/1010000012046306 $red_money = 143.66; $receive_money = 14.55; $residue_money = $red_money > $receive_money ? $red_money - $receive_money : 0; $receive_money = $residue_money * 100; var_dump($receive_money);//12911 var_dump((int)$receive_money);/12910 var_dump(intval(12910.9));//int(12910) var_dump($receive_money*10000);//12910000 var_dump((int)($receive_money*10000));//12910999 var_dump(decbin($receive_money)); var_dump(decbin(12911)); ~~~ # PDO bindParam 要求第二个参数是一个引用变量 ~~~ $dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', "test"); $query = <<<QUERY INSERT INTO `user` (`username`, `password`) VALUES (:username, :password); QUERY; $statement = $dbh->prepare($query); $bind_params = array(':username' => "laruence", ':password' => "weibo"); foreach( $bind_params as $key => $value ){ $statement->bindParam($key, $value); } $statement->execute(); //期望执行 sql INSERT INTO `user` (`username`, `password`) VALUES ("laruence", "weibo"); // 实际执行 sql INSERT INTO `user` (`username`, `password`) VALUES ("weibo", "weibo"); //第一次循环 $value = $bind_params[":username"]; $statement->bindParam(":username", &$value); //此时, :username是对$value变量的引用 //第二次循环 $value = $bind_params[":password"]; //oops! $value被覆盖成了:password的值 $statement->bindParam(":password", &$value); // 解决 foreach( $bind_params as $key => &$value ) { //注意这里 $statement->bindParam($key, $value); } return $statement->execute($params); ~~~ # php引用 ~~~ $arr = range(1,3); foreach($arr as &$v){ } foreach($arr as $v){ } print_r($arr);//[1,2,2] // 解决一 $arr = range(1,3); foreach($arr as &$v){ } unset($v); foreach($arr as $v){ } print_r($arr);//[1,2,3] // 解决二 $arr = range(1,3); foreach($arr as &$v){ } foreach($arr as $v2){ } print_r($arr);//[1,2,3] // 解决三 $arr = range(1,3); foreach($arr as &$v){ } foreach($arr as &$v){ } print_r($arr);//[1,2,3] ~~~ # array_merge vs + ~~~ $arr1 = array(1 => "one", "2" => "two", 3 => "three"); $arr2 = array(2 => "new two", 3 => "new three"); print_r($arr1 + $arr2); Array ( [1] => one [2] => two [3] => three ) print_r(array_merge($arr1, $arr2)); Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [2] => three [3] => new two [4] => new three ) ~~~ # 浮点数精度问题 ~~~ var_dump(15702>=(157.02*100));//bool(false) var_dump(11111>=(111.11*100));//bool(true) var_dump(bcsub(15702,(157.02*100)) >= 0);//bool(true) if(abs(15702-(157.02*100)) < 0.001) { echo "相等"; } else { echo "不相等"; } $f = 0.58; var_dump(intval($f * 100)); //57 0.58 * 100 = 57.999999999... ~~~ # in_array switch/case 松散比较 ~~~ $arr = ['a', 'pro' => 'php', 8, true]; var_dump(in_array(2, $arr)); // bool(true) var_dump(in_array('b', $arr)); // bool(true) var_dump(in_array(0, $arr)); // tbool(true) var_dump(in_array(null, $arr)); // bool(false) var_dump(in_array(2, $arr, true)); // bool(false) var_dump(in_array(0, $arr, true)); // bool(false) $name = 0; switch ($name) { case "a": //... break; case "b": //... break; } switch (strval($name)) { case "a": //... break; case "b": //... break; } //http://php.net/manual/zh/types.comparisons.php#types.comparisions-loose function test($var) { switch (true) { case 'apple' === $var: echo 'apple', PHP_EOL; break; case 0 === $var: echo '0', PHP_EOL; break; default: echo 'default', PHP_EOL; } } $arr = array('0', 0, 'apple'); foreach ($arr as $value) { test($value); } ~~~ # strpos ~~~ function getReferer($link) { $refMap = [ 'baidu' => '百度', 'sougou' => '搜狗', '360' => '360', 'google' => '谷歌' ]; foreach ($refMap as $key => $value) { if (strpos($link, $key) !== false) { return $value; } } return '其他'; } // https://secure.php.net/manual/zh/function.strpos.php 如果 needle 不是一个字符串,那么它将被转换为整型并被视为字符的顺序值。 echo getReferer('https://www.google.com/search?workd=google');//360 // 解决 function getReferer($link) { $refMap = [ 'baidu' => '百度', 'sougou' => '搜狗', '360' => '360', 'google' => '谷歌' ]; foreach ($refMap as $key => $value) { if (mb_strpos($link, $key) !== false) { //if (strpos($link, strval($key)) !== false) { return $value; } } return '其他'; } ~~~ # PHP 不同版本 curl 文件上传 ~~~ //PHP的cURL支持通过给CURL_POSTFIELDS传递关联数组(而不是字符串)来生成multipart/form-data的POST请求 https://blog.zsxsoft.com/post/5 if (class_exists('\CURLFile')) { $field = array('fieldname' => new \CURLFile(realpath($filepath))); } else { $field = array('fieldname' => '@' . realpath($filepath)); } ~~~ # foreach 顺序 ~~~ $arr=[]; $arr[2] = 2; $arr[1] = 1; $arr[0] = 0; foreach ($arr as $key => $val) { echo $val;// 2 1 0 } while (list($key, $v) = each($arr)) { //获取不到 foreach会自动reset,each之前, 先reset数组的内部指针 } for($i=0,$l=count($arr); $i<$l; $i++) { echo $arr[$i];// 0 1 2 } ~~~ # json_decode ~~~ >>> json_decode('php') => null // 对非 json 字符串并非返回 null >>> json_decode('0x123') => 291 echo json_encode(["name" => "php", "age" => "22"]) . "\n";// {"name":"php","age":"22"} echo json_encode([]) . "\n";//[] 返回这个会让 APP 崩溃 echo json_encode((object)[]) . "\n";//{} >>> $a = 0.1 + 0.7 => 0.8 >>> printf('%.20f', $a) => 0.79999999999999993339 >>> json_encode($a) => "0.7999999999999999" >>> \YaJson::encode($a)//https://github.com/seekerliu/laravel-another-json => "0.8" ini_set('serialize_precision', 14); $a = 0.1 + 0.7; echo json_encode($a);//0.8 echo json_decode(0.7999999999999999);//0.8 ~~~ # strtotime('-x month') ~~~ date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Shanghai'); $t = strtotime('2017-08-31'); echo date('Ym',strtotime('- 1 month',$t));//201707 echo date('Ym',strtotime('- 2 month',$t));//201707 ? // $first_day_of_month = date('Y-m',strtotime('2017-08-31')) . '-01 00:00:01'; $t = strtotime($first_day_of_month); echo date('Ym',strtotime('- 1 month',$t));//201707 echo date('Ym',strtotime('- 2 month',$t));//201706 echo date("Ym", strtotime("-2 month", strtotime("first day of 2017-08-31")));//201706 ~~~ # BOM ~~~ //json 解析成 null 写代码时指定 utf-8 without bom function remove_utf8_bom($text) { $bom = pack('H*','EFBBBF'); $text = preg_replace("/^$bom/", '', $text); return $text; } // ps:PHP导出Excel 可能会乱码,需要写入 BOM头 $content = pack('H*','EFBBBF'); fwrite($fp, $content); ~~~ # PHP解析大整数 ~~~ $shopId = 17978812896666957068; var_dump($shopId);//float(1.7978812896667E+19) $shopId= number_format(17978812896666957068); var_dump($shopId);//17978812896666957824 $shopId= strval(17978812896666957068); var_dump($shopId); $shopId = 17978812896666957068 . ''; var_dump($shopId);//float(1.7978812896667E+19) $shopId = '17978812896666957068'; var_dump($shopId); // 输出 // string(20) "17978812896666957068" 超过PHP最大表示范围的纯整数,在MySQL中可以使用bigint/varchar保存,MySQL在查询出来的时候会将其使用string类型保存的。 对于赋值,在PHP里,如果遇到有大整数需要赋值的话,不要尝试用整型类型去赋值$var = '17978812896666957068'; # ~~~ # curl获取网页内容出现乱码 ~~~ curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_ENCODING,'gzip')//)如果抓取的网页进行了gzip压缩 加入gzip解析 $data = file_get_contents("compress.zlib://".$url); //​​​​ Header 里 Accept-Encoding:gzip 是告诉对方服务器使用 Gzip 进行传输。 ​​​​ ~~~ # trim 中文乱码 ~~~ echo rawurlencode('河北省');//%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81 echo rawurlencode('广东省');//%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81 echo rtrim('河北省', '省');//河北 echo rtrim('广东省', '省');//广�� //省的十六制作表示是e7 9c 81,而东的十六进制表示是e4 b8 9c,都出现了9c,哦~正因为是rtrim,所以rtrim('广东省', '省')的时候把“东”的十六进制表示的最后一位也被trim掉了。同理rtrim('河北省', '省')不存在此问题 echo trim_cn('广东省','省');//广东 function trim_cn($str, $trim, $charset = 'UTF-8') { $len = mb_strlen($str, $charset); if (!$len) return; $t1 = $t2 = false;$o=$l=0; for($i=0;$i<$len;$i++) { $str1 = mb_substr($str, $i, 1, $charset); $str2 = mb_substr($str, $len-$i-1, 1, $charset); if($str1 == $trim && !$t1) $o++; else $t1 = true; if($str2 == $trim && !$t2) $l++; else $t2 = true; } return mb_substr($str, $o, ($len-$l-$o), $charset);; } ~~~ # __callStatic ~~~ //在对象中调用一个不可访问方法时,__call() 会被调用 //在静态上下文中调用一个不可访问方法时,__callStatic() 会被调用 目标方法非 public 时__callStatic 才会起作用。 class A{ public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments) { echo $name.'静态方法不存在!'; } public function test() { echo 'test 方法'; } } A::test();//test 方法 ~~~ # mb_substr字符编码 ~~~ $str = '北京市朝阳区'; var_dump(mb_substr($str,0,3));//预期输出是:string(9) "北京市",但是输出确是:string(3) "北" //mb_substr这个函数在操作的时候如果没有传字符编码,则按照默认的内部编码操作字符串。PHP5.6之前的默认编码都是ISO-8859-1,5.6之后的才是UTF8,UTF8模式下,一个中文字符占3个字节,而ISO-8859-1则是按照一个字节进行处理,所以自然取出来的是异常的字符串。 var_dump(mb_substr($str,0,3,'UTF-8'));//string(9) "北京市" ~~~ # url参数中的+替换为空格 ~~~ $name=str_replace('%20','+',$_GET['name']); //安全 base64 function urlsafeB64Decode($input) { $remainder = strlen($input) % 4; if ($remainder) { $padlen = 4 - $remainder; $input .= str_repeat('=', $padlen); } return base64_decode(strtr($input, '-_', '+/')); } function urlsafeB64Encode($input) { return str_replace('=', '', strtr(base64_encode($input), '+/', '-_')); } ~~~ # array Undefined offset ~~~ # php -a php > $a=[]; php > echo $a[1]; PHP Notice: Undefined offset: 1 in php shell code on line 1 php > $a=null; php > echo $a[1]; php > $a=4; php > echo $a[1]; ~~~ # 数组比较 ~~~ array("foo", "bar") != array("bar", "foo"); //这个时候,array就是数组 array("foo" => 1, "bar" => 2) == array("bar" => 2, "foo" => 1); //这个时候,array又变成了无序hash表 $first = array("foo" => 123, "bar" => 456); $second = array("foo" => 456, "bar" => 123); var_dump(array_diff($first, $second)); ==> array() ~~~ # 数组序列化 ~~~ $arrA = array('a', 'b', 'c'); echo json_encode($arrA) . "\n"; $arrB = array('a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3); echo json_encode($arrB) . "\n"; ["a","b","c"] {"a":1,"b":2,"c":3} $arrA = array(1 => 'a', 2 => 'b', 3 => 'c'); echo json_encode($arrA) . "\n"; $arrA = array(0 => 'a', 2 => 'b', 3 => 'c'); echo json_encode($arrA) . "\n"; {"1":"a","2":"b","3":"c"} {"0":"a","2":"b","3":"c"} //仅当数组的key是从0开始的整数,并且key连续不间断,对其序列化的结果才是JS中的数组,也就是通常认为的PHP索引数组。 ~~~