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> 编写:[craftsmanBai](https://github.com/craftsmanBai) - [http://z1ng.net](http://z1ng.net) - 原文: [http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-gms-provider.html](http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-gms-provider.html) 安卓依靠security provider保障网络通信安全。然而有时默认的security provider存在安全漏洞。为了防止这些漏洞被利用,Google Play services 提供了一个自动更新设备的security provider的方法来对抗已知的漏洞。通过调用Google Play services方法,可以确保你的应用运行在可以抵抗已知漏洞的设备上。 举个例子,OpenSSL的漏洞(CVE-2014-0224)会导致中间人攻击,在通信双方不知情的情况下解密流量。Google Play services 5.0提供了一个补丁,但是必须确保应用安装了这个补丁。通过调用Google Play services方法,可以确保你的应用运行在可抵抗攻击的安全设备上。 **注意**:更新设备的security provider不是更新[android.net.SSLCertificateSocketFactory](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/net/SSLCertificateSocketFactory.html).比起使用这个类,我们更鼓励应用开发者使用融入密码学的高级方法。大多数应用可以使用类似[HttpsURLConnection](http://developer.android.com/reference/javax/net/ssl/HttpsURLConnection.html),[HttpClient](http://developer.android.com/reference/org/apache/http/client/HttpClient.html),[AndroidHttpClient](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/net/http/AndroidHttpClient.html)这样的API,而不必去设置[TrustManager](http://developer.android.com/reference/javax/net/ssl/TrustManager.html)或者创建一个[SSLCertificateSocketFactory](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/net/SSLCertificateSocketFactory.html)。 ### 使用ProviderInstaller给Security Provider打补丁 使用providerinstaller类来更新设备的security provider。你可以通过调用该类的方法[installIfNeeded()]()(或者[ installifneededasync]())来验证security provider是否为最新的(必要的话更新它)。 当你调用[installifneeded]()时,[providerinstaller]()会做以下事情: - 如果设备的Provider成功更新(或已经是最新的),该方法返回正常。 - 如果设备的Google Play services 库已经过时了,这个方法抛出[googleplayservicesrepairableexception]()异常表明无法更新Provider。应用程序可以捕获这个异常并向用户弹出合适的对话框提示更新Google Play services。 - 如果产生了不可恢复的错误,该方法抛出[googleplayservicesnotavailableexception]()表示它无法更新[Provider]()。应用程序可以捕获异常并选择合适的行动,如显示标准问题解决流程图。 [installifneededasync]()方法类似,但它不抛出异常,而是通过相应的回调方法,以提示成功或失败。 如果[installifneeded]()需要安装一个新的[Provider](),可能耗费30-50毫秒(较新的设备)到350毫秒(旧设备)。如果security provider已经是最新的,该方法需要的时间量可以忽略不计。为了避免影响用户体验: - 线程加载后立即在后台网络线程中调用[installifneeded](),而不是等待线程尝试使用网络。(多次调用该方法没有害处,如果安全提供程序不需要更新它会立即返回。) - 如果用户体验会受线程阻塞的影响——比如从UI线程中调用,那么使用[installifneededasync()]()调用该方法的异步版本。(当然,如果你要这样做,在尝试任何安全通信之前必须等待操作完成。[providerinstaller]()调用监听者的[onproviderinstalled()]()方法发出成功信号。 **警告**:如果[providerinstaller]()无法安装更新Provider,您的设备security provider会容易受到已知漏洞的攻击。你的程序等同于所有HTTP通信未被加密。一旦[Provider]()更新,所有安全API(包括SSL API)的调用会经过它(但这并不适用于[android.net.sslcertificatesocketfactory](),面对[cve-2014-0224]()这种漏洞仍然是脆弱的)。 ### 同步修补 修补security provider最简单的方法就是调用同步方法[installIfNeeded()](http://developer.android.com/reference/com/google/android/gms/security/ProviderInstaller.html##installIfNeeded(android.content.Context).如果用户体验不会被线程阻塞影响的话,这种方法很合适。 举个例子,这里有一个sync adapter会更新security provider。由于它运行在后台,因此在等待security provider更新的时候线程阻塞是可以的。sync adapter调用installifneeded()更新security provider。如果返回正常,sync adapter可以确保security provider是最新的。如果返回异常,sync adapter可以采取适当的行动(如提示用户更新Google Play services)。 ~~~ /** * Sample sync adapter using {@link ProviderInstaller}. */ public class SyncAdapter extends AbstractThreadedSyncAdapter { ... // This is called each time a sync is attempted; this is okay, since the // overhead is negligible if the security provider is up-to-date. @Override public void onPerformSync(Account account, Bundle extras, String authority, ContentProviderClient provider, SyncResult syncResult) { try { ProviderInstaller.installIfNeeded(getContext()); } catch (GooglePlayServicesRepairableException e) { // Indicates that Google Play services is out of date, disabled, etc. // Prompt the user to install/update/enable Google Play services. GooglePlayServicesUtil.showErrorNotification( e.getConnectionStatusCode(), getContext()); // Notify the SyncManager that a soft error occurred. syncResult.stats.numIOExceptions++; return; } catch (GooglePlayServicesNotAvailableException e) { // Indicates a non-recoverable error; the ProviderInstaller is not able // to install an up-to-date Provider. // Notify the SyncManager that a hard error occurred. syncResult.stats.numAuthExceptions++; return; } // If this is reached, you know that the provider was already up-to-date, // or was successfully updated. } } ~~~ ### 异步修补 更新security provider可能耗费350毫秒(旧设备)。如果在一个会直接影响用户体验的线程中更新,如UI线程,那么你不会希望进行同步更新,因为这可能导致应用程序或设备冻结直到操作完成。因此你应该使用异步方法[installifneededasync()](http://developer.android.com/reference/com/google/android/gms/security/ProviderInstaller.html#installIfNeededAsync(android.content.Context, com.google.android.gms.security.ProviderInstaller.ProviderInstallListener)。方法通过调用回调函数来反馈其成功或失败。例如,下面是一些关于更新security provider在UI线程中的活动的代码。调用installifneededasync()来更新security provider,并指定自己为监听器接收成功或失败的通知。如果security provider是最新的或更新成功,会调用[onproviderinstalled()](http://developer.android.com/reference/com/google/android/gms/security/ProviderInstaller.ProviderInstallListener.html#onProviderInstalled()方法,并且知道通信是安全的。如果security provider无法更新,会调用[onproviderinstallfailed()](http://developer.android.com/reference/com/google/android/gms/security/ProviderInstaller.ProviderInstallListener.html#onProviderInstallFailed(int, android.content.Intent)方法,并采取适当的行动(如提示用户更新Google Play services) ~~~ /** * Sample activity using {@link ProviderInstaller}. */ public class MainActivity extends Activity implements ProviderInstaller.ProviderInstallListener { private static final int ERROR_DIALOG_REQUEST_CODE = 1; private boolean mRetryProviderInstall; //Update the security provider when the activity is created. @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ProviderInstaller.installIfNeededAsync(this, this); } /** * This method is only called if the provider is successfully updated * (or is already up-to-date). */ @Override protected void onProviderInstalled() { // Provider is up-to-date, app can make secure network calls. } /** * This method is called if updating fails; the error code indicates * whether the error is recoverable. */ @Override protected void onProviderInstallFailed(int errorCode, Intent recoveryIntent) { if (GooglePlayServicesUtil.isUserRecoverableError(errorCode)) { // Recoverable error. Show a dialog prompting the user to // install/update/enable Google Play services. GooglePlayServicesUtil.showErrorDialogFragment( errorCode, this, ERROR_DIALOG_REQUEST_CODE, new DialogInterface.OnCancelListener() { @Override public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog) { // The user chose not to take the recovery action onProviderInstallerNotAvailable(); } }); } else { // Google Play services is not available. onProviderInstallerNotAvailable(); } } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode == ERROR_DIALOG_REQUEST_CODE) { // Adding a fragment via GooglePlayServicesUtil.showErrorDialogFragment // before the instance state is restored throws an error. So instead, // set a flag here, which will cause the fragment to delay until // onPostResume. mRetryProviderInstall = true; } } /** * On resume, check to see if we flagged that we need to reinstall the * provider. */ @Override protected void onPostResume() { super.onPostResult(); if (mRetryProviderInstall) { // We can now safely retry installation. ProviderInstall.installIfNeededAsync(this, this); } mRetryProviderInstall = false; } private void onProviderInstallerNotAvailable() { // This is reached if the provider cannot be updated for some reason. // App should consider all HTTP communication to be vulnerable, and take // appropriate action. } } ~~~