使用LR分析算法跟踪移进/归约冲突和归约/归约冲突是件乐在其中的事。为了辅助调试，yacc.py在生成分析表时会创建出一个调试文件叫parser.out： ~~~ Unused terminals: Grammar Rule 1 expression -> expression PLUS expression Rule 2 expression -> expression MINUS expression Rule 3 expression -> expression TIMES expression Rule 4 expression -> expression DIVIDE expression Rule 5 expression -> NUMBER Rule 6 expression -> LPAREN expression RPAREN Terminals, with rules where they appear TIMES : 3 error : MINUS : 2 RPAREN : 6 LPAREN : 6 DIVIDE : 4 PLUS : 1 NUMBER : 5 Nonterminals, with rules where they appear expression : 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 0 Parsing method: LALR state 0 S' -> . expression expression -> . expression PLUS expression expression -> . expression MINUS expression expression -> . expression TIMES expression expression -> . expression DIVIDE expression expression -> . NUMBER expression -> . LPAREN expression RPAREN NUMBER shift and go to state 3 LPAREN shift and go to state 2 state 1 S' -> expression . expression -> expression . PLUS expression expression -> expression . MINUS expression expression -> expression . TIMES expression expression -> expression . DIVIDE expression PLUS shift and go to state 6 MINUS shift and go to state 5 TIMES shift and go to state 4 DIVIDE shift and go to state 7 state 2 expression -> LPAREN . expression RPAREN expression -> . expression PLUS expression expression -> . expression MINUS expression expression -> . expression TIMES expression expression -> . expression DIVIDE expression expression -> . NUMBER expression -> . LPAREN expression RPAREN NUMBER shift and go to state 3 LPAREN shift and go to state 2 state 3 expression -> NUMBER . $ reduce using rule 5 PLUS reduce using rule 5 MINUS reduce using rule 5 TIMES reduce using rule 5 DIVIDE reduce using rule 5 RPAREN reduce using rule 5 state 4 expression -> expression TIMES . expression expression -> . expression PLUS expression expression -> . expression MINUS expression expression -> . expression TIMES expression expression -> . expression DIVIDE expression expression -> . NUMBER expression -> . LPAREN expression RPAREN NUMBER shift and go to state 3 LPAREN shift and go to state 2 state 5 expression -> expression MINUS . expression expression -> . expression PLUS expression expression -> . expression MINUS expression expression -> . expression TIMES expression expression -> . expression DIVIDE expression expression -> . NUMBER expression -> . LPAREN expression RPAREN NUMBER shift and go to state 3 LPAREN shift and go to state 2 state 6 expression -> expression PLUS . expression expression -> . expression PLUS expression expression -> . expression MINUS expression expression -> . expression TIMES expression expression -> . expression DIVIDE expression expression -> . NUMBER expression -> . LPAREN expression RPAREN NUMBER shift and go to state 3 LPAREN shift and go to state 2 state 7 expression -> expression DIVIDE . expression expression -> . expression PLUS expression expression -> . expression MINUS expression expression -> . expression TIMES expression expression -> . expression DIVIDE expression expression -> . NUMBER expression -> . LPAREN expression RPAREN NUMBER shift and go to state 3 LPAREN shift and go to state 2 state 8 expression -> LPAREN expression . RPAREN expression -> expression . PLUS expression expression -> expression . MINUS expression expression -> expression . TIMES expression expression -> expression . DIVIDE expression RPAREN shift and go to state 13 PLUS shift and go to state 6 MINUS shift and go to state 5 TIMES shift and go to state 4 DIVIDE shift and go to state 7 state 9 expression -> expression TIMES expression . expression -> expression . PLUS expression expression -> expression . MINUS expression expression -> expression . TIMES expression expression -> expression . DIVIDE expression $ reduce using rule 3 PLUS reduce using rule 3 MINUS reduce using rule 3 TIMES reduce using rule 3 DIVIDE reduce using rule 3 RPAREN reduce using rule 3 ! PLUS [ shift and go to state 6 ] ! MINUS [ shift and go to state 5 ] ! TIMES [ shift and go to state 4 ] ! DIVIDE [ shift and go to state 7 ] state 10 expression -> expression MINUS expression . expression -> expression . PLUS expression expression -> expression . MINUS expression expression -> expression . TIMES expression expression -> expression . DIVIDE expression $ reduce using rule 2 PLUS reduce using rule 2 MINUS reduce using rule 2 RPAREN reduce using rule 2 TIMES shift and go to state 4 DIVIDE shift and go to state 7 ! TIMES [ reduce using rule 2 ] ! DIVIDE [ reduce using rule 2 ] ! PLUS [ shift and go to state 6 ] ! MINUS [ shift and go to state 5 ] state 11 expression -> expression PLUS expression . expression -> expression . PLUS expression expression -> expression . MINUS expression expression -> expression . TIMES expression expression -> expression . DIVIDE expression $ reduce using rule 1 PLUS reduce using rule 1 MINUS reduce using rule 1 RPAREN reduce using rule 1 TIMES shift and go to state 4 DIVIDE shift and go to state 7 ! TIMES [ reduce using rule 1 ] ! DIVIDE [ reduce using rule 1 ] ! PLUS [ shift and go to state 6 ] ! MINUS [ shift and go to state 5 ] state 12 expression -> expression DIVIDE expression . expression -> expression . PLUS expression expression -> expression . MINUS expression expression -> expression . TIMES expression expression -> expression . DIVIDE expression $ reduce using rule 4 PLUS reduce using rule 4 MINUS reduce using rule 4 TIMES reduce using rule 4 DIVIDE reduce using rule 4 RPAREN reduce using rule 4 ! PLUS [ shift and go to state 6 ] ! MINUS [ shift and go to state 5 ] ! TIMES [ shift and go to state 4 ] ! DIVIDE [ shift and go to state 7 ] state 13 expression -> LPAREN expression RPAREN . $ reduce using rule 6 PLUS reduce using rule 6 MINUS reduce using rule 6 TIMES reduce using rule 6 DIVIDE reduce using rule 6 RPAREN reduce using rule 6 ~~~ 文件中出现的不同状态，代表了有效输入标记的所有可能的组合，这是依据文法规则得到的。当得到输入标记时，分析器将构造一个栈，并找到匹配的规则。每个状态跟踪了当前输入进行到语法规则中的哪个位置，在每个规则中，’.’表示当前分析到规则的哪个位置，而且，对于在当前状态下，输入的每个有效标记导致的动作也被罗列出来。当出现移进/归约或归约/归约冲突时，被忽略的规则前面会添加!，就像这样： ~~~ ! TIMES [ reduce using rule 2 ] ! DIVIDE [ reduce using rule 2 ] ! PLUS [ shift and go to state 6 ] ! MINUS [ shift and go to state 5 ] ~~~ 通过查看这些规则并结合一些实例，通常能够找到大部分冲突的根源。应该强调的是，不是所有的移进归约冲突都是不好的，想要确定解决方法是否正确，唯一的办法就是查看parser.out。